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Bio 20 > resp system > Flashcards

resp system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the parts of the resp system

A

Nasal cavity
nostril
pharynx
epiglottis
glottis
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchiole
alveoli
diaphragm

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2
Q

what’s the function of the nostril and nasal cavity

A

warm, moisten, and clean air

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3
Q

what is the function of the pharynx

A

common passageway for both air and food

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4
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis

A

flap that prevents food from going down your windpipe

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5
Q

what is the glottis

A

the opening for the windpipe

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6
Q

what is the function of the larynx

A

voicebox - made of cartilage and flaps that make up vocal cords

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7
Q

what’s the function of the trachea

A

windpipe

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8
Q

what is the bronchi (bronchus-singular)

A

two branches from the trachea that direct air into the left and right lung

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9
Q

what is the bronchiole

A

smaller branches extending from bronchi

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10
Q

what is the alveoli

A

air sacs surrounded by capillaries where O2 and CO2 exchange occurs

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11
Q

what is the diaphragm

A

dome shaped muscle that contracts down to inhale

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12
Q

how does the diaphragm and ribs move when inhaling

A

ribs - contract to move up and out
diaphragm - contracts to move down

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13
Q

how does the diaphragm and ribs move when exhaling

A

ribs - relax to move down and in
diaphragm - relaxes to move up

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14
Q

what is tidal volume

A

volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath when body is at rest

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15
Q

what is the inspiratory reserve volume

A

additional volume of air that can be taken into the lungs from the end of a normal inspiration

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16
Q

what is the expiratory reserve volume

A

the max volume of additional air that can be expired from the end of a normal expiration

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17
Q

what is the residual volume

A

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration

18
Q

what is the main function of the resp system

A

bring O2 into all cells of the body and remove CO2 waste

19
Q

what two things must be satisfied for gas exchange to happen

A

surface area just be large enough for gas exchange to occur quickly

moisture lining for gas to dissolve

20
Q

what are the 4 stages of respiration

A

breathing/inspiration
external respiration
internal respiration
cellular respiration

21
Q

what is external respiration

A

gas transfer between O2 in alveoli and CO2 in capillaries

22
Q

how much oxygen transfer in external resp occurs via facilitated diffusion

A

30%

23
Q

does external respiration require energy

A

no bc it moves w the concentration gradient

24
Q

what is the waste product removed using external resp and where is it produced

A

CO2 produces in cell resp

25
Q

what process causes gas exchange to occur in external respiration

A

facilitated diffusion

26
Q

what is internal respiration

A

exchange of CO2 and O2 in tissue cells

27
Q

what percentage of o2 is carried by hemoglobin and what carries the rest

A

99%

blood plasma

28
Q

what structure causes the red color in blood

A

oxyhemoglobin

29
Q

how much CO2 combines with hemoglobin and what does it form

A

23%

carbaminohemoglobin

30
Q

how much CO2 is carried by blood plasma

A

7%

31
Q

how much CO2 is dissolved in blood and what does it form

A

70%

bicarbonate ion

32
Q

what does CO2 combine with in blood and what does it form

A

combines w water
forms carbonic acid

33
Q

how does bicarbonate exit the body

A

diffuses out of red blood cells into blood plasma

carried to lungs

diffuses into lungs and is exhaled

34
Q

how does bicarbonate exit the body

A

diffuses out of red blood cells into blood plasma

carried to lungs

diffuses into lungs and is exhaled

35
Q

what happens to the pressure in your lungs when you breathe in and out

A

breathe in - pressure lowers
breathe out - pressure increases

36
Q

what is hemoglobin made of and what carries it

A

made of iron

carried by red blood cells

37
Q

what color is blood plasma

A

yellow

38
Q

what parts of the resp system contain cilia and what’s their function

A

any tube in the resp system has cilia

it’s function is filtration - filter out bacteria and debris from entering your lungs

39
Q

what is elasticity and where does it occur in the resp system

A

the ability of organs to expand and relax

organs: diaphragm, alveoli, intercostal muscles

40
Q

how does a punctured lung cavity affect the resp system

A

causes the pressure difference between the lungs and outside of the body to stop existing which is what causes involuntary breathing to even occur

Bio 20 (15 decks)

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