resp system Flashcards
what are the parts of the resp system
Nasal cavity
nostril
pharynx
epiglottis
glottis
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchiole
alveoli
diaphragm
what’s the function of the nostril and nasal cavity
warm, moisten, and clean air
what is the function of the pharynx
common passageway for both air and food
what is the function of the epiglottis
flap that prevents food from going down your windpipe
what is the glottis
the opening for the windpipe
what is the function of the larynx
voicebox - made of cartilage and flaps that make up vocal cords
what’s the function of the trachea
windpipe
what is the bronchi (bronchus-singular)
two branches from the trachea that direct air into the left and right lung
what is the bronchiole
smaller branches extending from bronchi
what is the alveoli
air sacs surrounded by capillaries where O2 and CO2 exchange occurs
what is the diaphragm
dome shaped muscle that contracts down to inhale
how does the diaphragm and ribs move when inhaling
ribs - contract to move up and out
diaphragm - contracts to move down
how does the diaphragm and ribs move when exhaling
ribs - relax to move down and in
diaphragm - relaxes to move up
what is tidal volume
volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath when body is at rest
what is the inspiratory reserve volume
additional volume of air that can be taken into the lungs from the end of a normal inspiration
what is the expiratory reserve volume
the max volume of additional air that can be expired from the end of a normal expiration
what is the residual volume
the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration
what is the main function of the resp system
bring O2 into all cells of the body and remove CO2 waste
what two things must be satisfied for gas exchange to happen
surface area just be large enough for gas exchange to occur quickly
moisture lining for gas to dissolve
what are the 4 stages of respiration
breathing/inspiration
external respiration
internal respiration
cellular respiration
what is external respiration
gas transfer between O2 in alveoli and CO2 in capillaries
how much oxygen transfer in external resp occurs via facilitated diffusion
30%
does external respiration require energy
no bc it moves w the concentration gradient
what is the waste product removed using external resp and where is it produced
CO2 produces in cell resp
what process causes gas exchange to occur in external respiration
facilitated diffusion
what is internal respiration
exchange of CO2 and O2 in tissue cells
what percentage of o2 is carried by hemoglobin and what carries the rest
99%
blood plasma
what structure causes the red color in blood
oxyhemoglobin
how much CO2 combines with hemoglobin and what does it form
23%
carbaminohemoglobin
how much CO2 is carried by blood plasma
7%
how much CO2 is dissolved in blood and what does it form
70%
bicarbonate ion
what does CO2 combine with in blood and what does it form
combines w water
forms carbonic acid
how does bicarbonate exit the body
diffuses out of red blood cells into blood plasma
carried to lungs
diffuses into lungs and is exhaled
how does bicarbonate exit the body
diffuses out of red blood cells into blood plasma
carried to lungs
diffuses into lungs and is exhaled
what happens to the pressure in your lungs when you breathe in and out
breathe in - pressure lowers
breathe out - pressure increases
what is hemoglobin made of and what carries it
made of iron
carried by red blood cells
what color is blood plasma
yellow
what parts of the resp system contain cilia and what’s their function
any tube in the resp system has cilia
it’s function is filtration - filter out bacteria and debris from entering your lungs
what is elasticity and where does it occur in the resp system
the ability of organs to expand and relax
organs: diaphragm, alveoli, intercostal muscles
how does a punctured lung cavity affect the resp system
causes the pressure difference between the lungs and outside of the body to stop existing which is what causes involuntary breathing to even occur
