Chapter 3 Flashcards
Define Taxonomy
The practice of classifying living things
Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
What is the order of organism classification from largest to smallest
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Define binomial nomenclature
First name of organism is genus, second name is species
What are the rules of scientific naming
“Genus species”
Always italicized
Genus uppercase
Species lowercase
What are the domains
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
What is the main difference between Eukarya and Archaea and Bacteria
Eukarya are eukaryotes so they have a nucleus
The other 2 are prokaryotic so they have no nucleus and DNA just floats around
What’s the kingdom for bacteria what are its descriptions
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Descriptions:
Single celled
Lack a nucleus
Very diverse
What are the kingdoms for Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Give descriptions of Protista
Descriptions;
Have a nucleus
Can be unicellular & multicellular
Autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers
Give descriptions of Fungi
Description:
Have a nucleus
All Decomposers
Eat by releasing digestive enzymes onto food and absorb it
Sessile (does not move)
no chloroplast,
Uni and multicellular
Give descriptions of Plantae
Descriptions:
Have a nucleus
All Autotrophs
Most are sessile
Have specialized cells
Give descriptions of Animalia
Descriptions:
Have a nucleus
Ingest food
Most are motile
Multicellular
Have specialized cells
Define abiotic and give an example
Non living aspects of the biosphere
Ex. Soil
Define biotic and give an example
Living aspects of the biosphere
Ex. Animals
Define organism and give an example
A living thing
Ex. Bacteria
Define population and give an example
All the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area at the same time
Ex. A school of fish
Define community and give an example
An interacting group of various species in a common location
Ex. A forest of trees and plants inhabited by animals with soil containing bacteria and fungi
Define ecosystem and give an example
A geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as landscape and weather, work together to form a bubble of life
Ex. Coral reef
Define biome and give an example
A specific ecosystem or group of ecosystems in a specific region which is determined by the climate
Ex. Grasslands
Define biosphere and give an example
The regions where living matter can exist.
Ex. The earth and all the things living in jt
Define climate
The average weather conditions of a particular region over a period of time. (Usually more than 30 years)
What determines climate
Temperature and Precipitation which results from the unequal heating of the earth
Explain how the suns energy impact the equator vs the poles
Equator receives rays that are perpendicular to the surface so it gets heated more.
Closer to the poles, the angle of the earth causes the solar energy to spread over a surface, causing it to get heated less.
An increase in temperature and precipitous results in what
Increase in abundance of organisms
List 6 biomes
Rain forest, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, grasslands, desert, tundra
Define the term invasive species
Non-native flora and fauna that can quickly overrun an ecosystem
Define a biotic limiting factor and give an example
Living population constraints
Ex. Food
Why we measure populations using quadrats
Efficiency
Define niche
The role an organism plays in its community
Define limiting factor and give an example
Anything that constrains a population’s size and slows it stops it from growing
Ex. Mates
Define abiotic limiting factor and give an example
Non-living population constrains
Ex. Climate
Define competitive biotic limiting factors and give an example
Competition for food, space, or mates
Kangaroo males box for mates
Define predator biotic limiting factor and give an example
A biotic interaction that involves the consumption of one organism by another
Ex. Jack rabbit and Coyote
Describe how humans have transported foreign organisms from one area to another
When global trade began many organisms would be transported from one continent to another
Define keystone species and give an example
Not abundant species but exert major control over other species in the community
Ex. Sea Otters
Define parasite biotic limiting factor and give an example
Interaction where one organism derives it’s nourishment from another organism
Ex. Head Lice
What’s the kingdom for archea what are its descriptions
Single celled organisms
No nucleus
Can live in extreme environments like salt lakes, hot springs, and hot vents
