Resp Summary

Question 1

Pneumocytes, list the 3 types and functions

Answer 1

Type 1 alveolar squamous cell epithelium
Type 2 Release surfactant to reduce alveolar surface tension
Type 3 Clara cells, degrade toxins

Question 2

Likely locations of Aspiration, Supine and Upright

Answer 2

Supine = Superior lower Right lobe
Upright = Lower segment of lower right lobe

Question 3

Lung volume names and approx values

Answer 3

Tidal = 500 ml
Reserve volume = 1.2L
Expiratory reserve volume = 1L
Inspiration reserve volume 3L

Question 4

Relationship of Perfusion and Ventilation

Answer 4

An increase in ventilation will increase perfusion by blood, Blood is shunted to well ventilated areas of the ungs

Question 5

Deep vein thrombosis are more likely in which 3 states

Answer 5

Hypercoagubility
Stasis
Endothelial damage

Question 6

Obstructuve lung diseases

Answer 6

Chronic Bronchitis –> Blue Bloater, Hyperplasia of mucous glands ( bronchitis >3/12)
Emphyseamia –> Pink Puffer, IncreaseA vleolar space but decrease SA, Lots of dead space
Asthma, Reversible contraction of the airways
Brnochitis –> narcotising infection of the bronchi leads to permanent dilated airways

Question 7

Restrictive Lung diseases

Answer 7

Poor breathing --> Structure or muscle
Interstitial lung disease:
- ARDS
- Sarcoidosis
- Hypersensivity Pneumontis

Question 8

ARDs common causes

Answer 8

Trauma, Sepsis, shock or aspiration

Question 9

Pulmanary hypertension primary and secondary causes

Answer 9

Primary by BMPR2

Secondary by COPD, PE, Autoimmune

Question 10

Common types of lung cancers

Answer 10

Adenocarcinoma –> cancer of the glands (MOST COMMON)
Squamous Cell –> cancer of the lining
Small cell –> central, Very aggressive
Large cell –> Peripheral, Less responsive to treatment

Question 11

Pneumonia types and pathogenic causes

Answer 11

Lobar pneumonia: S. Pneumonia, H. influenza
Broncho pneumonia: S.Pneumonia, S.Aureus
Intersitial Pneumonia: Viruses, H.influenza

Question 12

Pleural effusions types and constituants

Answer 12

Transudate: Low protein, CHF
Exudate: High protein, Cloudy
Lymphatic: Trauma/ injury

Question 13

Pneumothorax types and causes

Answer 13

Spontanous: Air in plural space
Tension: Usually w/ truama/ injury

Question 14

What are H1 blocker used for

Answer 14

Allergy and motion sickness

2nd generation have much less CNS SE

Question 15

What is the mechanism of action for Pseudoephidrine

Answer 15

Alpha 1 adrenoantagonist which causes vasoconstriction

Question 16

Common types of drugs for Asthma and type of asthma it is used for

Answer 16

Beta 2 agonists: SMC relxation
Muscarinic R antagonist: Prevents constriction
Antileukotrienes: used in chronic asthma treatment, decrease NFK-B and TNF-A