Cardio Summary Flashcards
Main arteries of the Heart?
Left main coronary Art. which gives rise to LAD and Left circumflex Art.
RAD = right anterior descending and acute marginal Art.
Cardiac output=
MAP=
Pulse pressure=
CO = SV + HR
MAP = 2/3*Diastolic + 1/3 Systolic
Pulse pressure = Systolic - Diastolic
What causes an increased or decreased Pulse pressure
Increase is commonly due to:
Aortic regurgitation
Arteriosclerosis
Decrease is commonly due to:
HF
Aortic stenosis
What is the relationship between.
Increase SV and Contractility, Preload, Afterload, Catacholamines?
An increase SV can be due to: increase in Pre load Decrease in Afterload Increased Contractile force Catacholamines
Preload is dependant on?
and is reduced with what sort of drug?
Preload is dependant on BV and Venous tone
It is reduced with Venodilators
Afterload is dependant on?
and is reduced with what sort of drug?
Afterload is determined by LV size and MAP
Reduced with Vasodilators
An increase in EDV means what for contractile force?
Increase contractiltiy
A 1/2 in radius = what for resistance?
increase by 16 times
Order of Ion movements during depol in ventricular myocytes?
Na –> Ca –> K –> Na
What is responsible for the slow depol in AV/ SA nodes?
Funny channels leaking Na into the cell to give rise to its spontaneous depol
Where are Baroreceptors found?
Aortic Arch and Carotid sinus
Where are Chemoreceptors found?
Aortic Arch and Carotid Body
What Nerve is used by Aortic arch receptors?
Vagus Nerve
What nerve is used by the carotid body and sinus receptors?
Glossopharyngeal
Differnce between Peripheral and central chemoreceptors?
Peripheral detects, CO2, pH, O2
Central Detects, Co2, pH
Autoregulaton in the Heart, Skeletal Muscle, Brain is done by what?
Local Metabolites
Mainly NO and CO2 in heart,
Mainly CO2 in the brain,
SKM is mainly done by CO2 and pH
Arteriosclerosis is what?
Calcification of the Media and no decrease in luman, It does however reduce compliance of the artery.
Pathway of atherosclerosis
Dysfunction –> LDL accum –> Macro accum –> Macro + LDL= Foam –> Fatty streak –> SMC disfunction –> Fibrous cap formation
Major types of Angina and defining features
Stable –> atherosclerosis pain on excertion
Unstable –> Worsening Atherosclerosis, pain on little works or rest
Variant –> Vasospasm, ST elevation
Types of infarcts
Subendocardial –> partial infarct
Transmural –> full thickness infarct
Treatment for HF
Diuretics, Beta bockers, ACE, AT antagonists,
Mitral stenosis, most common cause and outcomes of inflammatory responce
Rheumatic fever, inflammation is likely to cause thickening of cordae tedinae, Fibrosis/ calcification of leaflets, Fusion of commisures
Mitral Regurgitation causes and reasons for each
Can be due to structural abnormalities in Cordae Tendinae, Leaflets or annulus
Can be caused secondary to something else, Dilatation of chamber, Endocarditis
Aortic stenosis outcomes and prognosis
Increases ventricular wall thickness and likely to result in HF or MI
