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1st/2nd Year Revision > Resp Physiology > Flashcards

Resp Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of respiratory acidosis?

A 
Life-threatening asthma
COPD
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Opiate overdose
Neuromuscular disease
Benzodiazepines overdose
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2
Q

What are causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A 
Pulmonary embolism
Anxiety leading to hyperventilation
CNS disorders - stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, encephalitis
Altitude
Pregnancy
Salicylate poisoning
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3
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume inspired or expired with each breath at rest
Males - 500ml
Females - 350ml

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4
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal tidal inspiration
2-3L

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5
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

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6
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be expired at the end of a normal tidal expiration
750ml

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7
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of air remaining after maximal expiration
Increases with age
RV = FRC - ERV

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8
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

The volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position

FVC = ERV + RV

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9
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
VC = inspiratory capacity + ERV
5L

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10
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Vital capacity + residual volume

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11
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

Simple squamous epithelium, gas exchange

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12
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes

A

Synthesise surfactant
This reduces surface tension at the alveolar surface
Not involved in gas exchange

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13
Q

What muscles are used for inspiration?

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Sternocleidomastoids
Scalenes

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14
Q

What muscles are used for expiration?

A

Internal intercostals

Abdominals

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15
Q

What are the normal values for alveolar and arterial gas partial pressures?

A

Normal alveolar ventilation – 4.2L/min
Normal PO2 – 13.3kPa at 100mmHg (alveolar ventilation)
Normal PCO2 – 5.3kPa at 40mmHg (alveolar ventilation)

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16
Q

What is compliance?

A

The change in volume relative to a change in pressure ie a measure of the lungs ability to stretch and expand

17
Q

What is alveolar dead space?

A

Alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused

18
Q

What is anatomical dead space?

A

The air in the conducting zone of the RT that is unable to take part in gas exchange

19
Q

Central chemoreceptors

A

Medulla
Responds directly to H+ - directly reflects PCO2
Primary ventilatory drive – the main stimulus for breathing

20
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors

A

Carotid and aortic bodies
Respond primarily to plasma [H+] and PO2 (less so to PCO2)
Second ventilatory drive

1st/2nd Year Revision (15 decks)

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