Neuro Physiology Flashcards
What are the 3 coats in the eye?
Fibrous coat
Vascular coat
Sensory coat
Eye - fibrous coat
Cornea
Sclera
Aqueous humor
Eye - vascular coat
Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid
Eye - sensory coat
Retina
Aqeuous humor
Watery substance sitting in front of the lens
Helps maintain intraocular pressure
Vitreous humor
Transparent gel
Sits behind the lens
Helps cushion the retina
Extrinsic muscles of the eye - mneumonics
SO4
LR6
RADSIN
What is accommodation?
When the eyes focus far away and close up
Due to bending power
What things must happen for accommodation?
Lens changes shape - becomes more spherical
Pupil constricts
Eyes converge
What are the myelinated cells in the PNS?
Schwann cells
What are the myelinated cells in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Where is CSF formed?
Choroid plexus of each ventricle
Where is CSF absorbed?
Arachnoid villi into sagittal sinus
What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?
Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres
Not the occipital lobe
What do the middle cerebral arteries supply?
Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres
What do the inferior cerebral arteries supply?
Inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe
What is the dominant hemisphere?
The opposite one to the dominant hand
Frontal lobe
Primary motor cortex - area 4
Broca’s area - area 44, 45
Parietal lobe
Somatosensory - areas 3, 1, 2
Temporal lobe
Hearing and smell
Areas 41, 42
Wenicke’s - posterior to areas 41, 42
Occipital lobe
Vision
Area 17 - primary visual cortex
Visual association cortex - areas 18, 19
Broca’s area
FRONTAL LOBE
Area 44, 45
Area of motor speech
Broca’s aphasia - understands speech, misses small words, aware of problem
Wenicke’s area
TEMPORAL LOBE Posterior to 41, 42 In dominant hemisphere Understanding language Wernicke's aphasia - can't understand, uses made up words, not aware of mistakes
Limbic lobe
Memory and emotion
Medial surface of hemispheres
What makes up the limbic lobe?
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala
What are the different fibres in white matter?
Commissural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres
White matter - commissural fibres
Corpus callosum (connects the 2 hemispheres)
White matter - association fibres
Connect one part of the cortex with the other
White matter - projection fibres
Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres
What are the different kind of spinal tracts?
Corticospinal/pyramidal
Posterior/dorsal column
Lateral spinothalamic
Corticospinal/pyramidal
DESCENDING
Motor impulses to skeletal muscle
2 neurones
Decussation - medulla
Posterior/dorsal column
ASCENDING
Touch, vibration, proprioception
3 neurones
Decussation - medulla
Lateral spinothalamic tract
ASCENDING
Pain, temperature
3 neurones
Decussation - as soon as it enters the grey matter
What structures are important in memory?
Hippocampus - forms memories
Cortex - stores memories
Thalamus - searches and accesses memories
Anterograde amnesia
Can’t form new memories
Retrograde amnesia
Can’t access old memories
Rinne’s test
Looking for a conductive hearing loss
Is bone better than air conduction?
Weber’s test
Localises the hearing loss to a side
Sensorineural - if heard better in the right ear then the problem is in the left
