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1st/2nd Year Revision > Neuro Physiology > Flashcards

Neuro Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 coats in the eye?

A

Fibrous coat
Vascular coat
Sensory coat

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2
Q

Eye - fibrous coat

A

Cornea
Sclera
Aqueous humor

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3
Q

Eye - vascular coat

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

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4
Q

Eye - sensory coat

A

Retina

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5
Q

Aqeuous humor

A

Watery substance sitting in front of the lens

Helps maintain intraocular pressure

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6
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Transparent gel
Sits behind the lens
Helps cushion the retina

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7
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the eye - mneumonics

A

SO4
LR6
RADSIN

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8
Q

What is accommodation?

A

When the eyes focus far away and close up

Due to bending power

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9
Q

What things must happen for accommodation?

A

Lens changes shape - becomes more spherical
Pupil constricts
Eyes converge

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10
Q

What are the myelinated cells in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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11
Q

What are the myelinated cells in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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12
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

Choroid plexus of each ventricle

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13
Q

Where is CSF absorbed?

A

Arachnoid villi into sagittal sinus

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14
Q

What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Not the occipital lobe

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15
Q

What do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

A

Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

What do the inferior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe

17
Q

What is the dominant hemisphere?

A

The opposite one to the dominant hand

18
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Primary motor cortex - area 4

Broca’s area - area 44, 45

19
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory - areas 3, 1, 2

20
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing and smell
Areas 41, 42
Wenicke’s - posterior to areas 41, 42

21
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision
Area 17 - primary visual cortex
Visual association cortex - areas 18, 19

22
Q

Broca’s area

A

FRONTAL LOBE
Area 44, 45
Area of motor speech
Broca’s aphasia - understands speech, misses small words, aware of problem

23
Q

Wenicke’s area

A 
TEMPORAL LOBE
Posterior to 41, 42
In dominant hemisphere
Understanding language
Wernicke's aphasia - can't understand, uses made up words, not aware of mistakes
24
Q

Limbic lobe

A

Memory and emotion

Medial surface of hemispheres

25
Q

What makes up the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala

26
Q

What are the different fibres in white matter?

A

Commissural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres

27
Q

White matter - commissural fibres

A

Corpus callosum (connects the 2 hemispheres)

28
Q

White matter - association fibres

A

Connect one part of the cortex with the other

29
Q

White matter - projection fibres

A

Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

30
Q

What are the different kind of spinal tracts?

A

Corticospinal/pyramidal
Posterior/dorsal column
Lateral spinothalamic

31
Q

Corticospinal/pyramidal

A

DESCENDING
Motor impulses to skeletal muscle
2 neurones
Decussation - medulla

32
Q

Posterior/dorsal column

A

ASCENDING
Touch, vibration, proprioception
3 neurones
Decussation - medulla

33
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract

A

ASCENDING
Pain, temperature
3 neurones
Decussation - as soon as it enters the grey matter

34
Q

What structures are important in memory?

A

Hippocampus - forms memories
Cortex - stores memories
Thalamus - searches and accesses memories

35
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Can’t form new memories

36
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Can’t access old memories

37
Q

Rinne’s test

A

Looking for a conductive hearing loss

Is bone better than air conduction?

38
Q

Weber’s test

A

Localises the hearing loss to a side

Sensorineural - if heard better in the right ear then the problem is in the left

1st/2nd Year Revision (15 decks)

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