Resp Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
Eupnea
Dyspnea
Apnea
A
- Eupnea- normal breathing
- Dyspnea- difficult breathing
- Apnea- cessation of breathing
2
Q
Obstructive Lung disease
A
- Hard to get air out
- Airway related disease
- Limitation of airflow, increased resistance
3
Q
Restrictive lung disease
A
- Hard to get air in
- Reduced expansion of parenchyma, decreased lung capacity
4
Q
Obstructive lung disease examples
A
Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis
Asthma
5
Q
Restrictive lung disease examples
A
ARDS, pneumoconoises, interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis
6
Q
Atlectasis
A
- Collapse or incomplete expamsion of lung
- Types
- Contraction: scarring
- Resorption: Obstruction of airway
- Compressive: pleural edema or pneumothorax (loss of cohesive forces)
7
Q
Acute Ling Injury
Diffuse Alveolar damage
A
- Injury to pneumocytes and endothelial cells
- Oxygen-derived free radicals
- Activated neutrophils and macrophages
- loss of surfactant
- Etiology
- Infections, Gas inhalation, liquid inhalation
- drugs chemicals radiation
- hypotension, sepsis, trauma
- Patho
- Exudative stage–> proliferative organizing stage
*
- Exudative stage–> proliferative organizing stage
8
Q
Bronchial Asthma
A
- Chronic inflammation of airways resulting in contraction of bronchial miscle and smooth muscle proliferation
- Extrinsic (allergies atopic)
- Allergens
- Intrinsic (Non-atopic)
- Initiated by irritant
9
Q
Asthma (Atopic) Clinical manifestations
A
- Vascular edema and permeability
- Recruitment of pro0nflammatory cells
- Increased mucus production
- Irreversible airway remodeling(thicj muscle wall in vessels)
- Eosinophils release mediators, epithelial death,
- Collagen deposition
- Goblet cell hyperplasia
10
Q
Asthma (Non atopic)
A
- Viral infections
- Elicit inflammatory response mediated by eosinophils and IgE
- Drug and occupational induced possible as well
11
Q
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A
- 2 components- irreversible airflow
- Emphysema
- Destruction of acinus alveoli
- Chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchiolitis
- Emphysema
12
Q
Emphysema
A
- Destruction of alveolar tissue
- Larger but fewer
- Reduced surface area for gas exchange
- Collapse of bronchioles
13
Q
Chronic Bronchitis
A
- Pathology
- Airways inflammation
- Goblet cell hyperplasia
- Squamous hyperplasia
- Injury to cilia
- Smoking, pollutants
14
Q
Bronchiectasis
Diseases associated with
A
DILATION of bronchi
Diseases associated:
Obstruction
Cystic fibrosis
Immotile cilia syndrome
Necrotizing pneumonia
15
Q
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis**
A
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of unknown cause
Hypoxia and cyanosis
3 yrs or less expectancy
Cor pulmonale
