Resp - Intro

Question 1

fxns of resp

Answer 1

gas exchange
filter (thrombi/emboli)
metabolic (angI -> ang II, surfactant)
shock absorption
enhances venous return
alter blood pH
water/heat loss
blood reservoir
airflow (speech)

Question 2

cartilage ring fxn

Answer 2

prevent collapse:

1. changes in P for in/expiration
2. sudden increases in P - sneeze, cough, poop, vomit

Question 3

cartilage w/ which airways

Answer 3

rings: trachea, primary bronchi
plates: lobar and segmental (secondary and tertiary) bronchi
none: bronchioles

Question 4

what keeps bronchioles open?

Answer 4

(no cartilage)

parenchyma and lung elasticity

Question 5

what regulates bronchioles?

Answer 5

* circulating hormones and local chemicals
SM innervation (ANS)

Question 6

conducting zone components

Answer 6

trachea + first 16 generations

bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 7

respiratory zone components

Answer 7

last 7 generations

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

Question 8

pores of kohn

Answer 8

connect adjacent alveoli

Question 9

fxns of intrapleural fluid

Answer 9

lubricates pleural surfaces

causes surfaces to adhere together (when chest expands, lungs follow)

Question 10

transmural p

Answer 10

P diff across wall

Question 11

transpulmonary P

Answer 11

P diff from PA to Pip

Question 12

Pip values (+/-)

Answer 12

(-) during quiet breathing
(more -) during deep inspiration
(+) during forced expiration

Question 13

pneumothorax mech

Answer 13

air in pleural space –> Pip = Patm

lung collapses

Question 14

pneumothorax sx

Answer 14

RR up
cyanosis
dyspnea
chest pain

Question 15

tension pneumothorax mech

Answer 15

laceration of the lung
build up air in pleural space
push mediastinum to opposite hemithorax