Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Endo - Intro > Flashcards

Endo - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine characteristics

A

secreted by specialized endo cells into blood

travel long distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neuro-endocrine characteristics

A

product of neuron

released into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neural characteristics

A

product of a neuron
secreted into synaptic spaces
travels short distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

paracrine characteristics

A

secreted into extracellular space

diffuse short distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

autocrine characteristics

A

hormone secreting cell same as receptor containing cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hormones : effects

A

usually more than one effect -
due to different target cells
or changes to effect based on developmental stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

peptide/protein hormone characteristics

A 
encoded by DNA
hydrophilic
receptors on cell surface
secondary messengers
can be stored
often circulate unbound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

amine hormone characteristics

A 
tyrosine derivatives
hydrophilic
receptors on cell surface
secondary messengers
*exception T3/T4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thyroid hormones characteristics not like amines

A

intracellular receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

steroid hormone characteristics

A 
llipophilic (non-polar)
receptors in cytosol or nucleus
derived from CHL w/ cyclopentano... ring (no DNA)
not stored
bound to specific globulin in blood
long 1/2 lives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cross talk

A

may happen among hormone families

diff hormones bind to the same receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

preprohormone actions

A

preprohormones are translated, partially then arrested by signal recognition complex that binds to signal peptides
the complex releases when it binds to a docking protein on the ER –> translation completes
–> prohormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prohormone actions

A

prohormone is cleaved into active hormone in golgi

or prohormone is secreted and converted to active in ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

active hormone secretion

A

packaged into secretory vesicles in golgi
await signal as membrane bound granules
exocytosed into blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

peptide hormone Tx route

A 
not orally (inactivated by acid in stomach or peptidases in intestines) 
usually injected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

groups of amine hormones

A

thyroid hormones

catecholamines

17
Q

amine hormones from tyrosine

A 
T3 = 2 tyrosine + 3 Is
T4 = 2 tyrosine + 4 Is
cats = modified tyrosines
18
Q

catecholamine synthesis steps

A

tyrosine –> dopa –> dopamine –> NE –> E

19
Q

catecholamine synthesis location

A

synthesis enzymes in cytosol

stored till secreted

20
Q

types of steroid hormones

A 
glucocorticoids
mineralcorticoids
vit D
androgens
estrogens
progestogens
21
Q

steroid sythesis

A

many enzymatic steps (many disorders possible)

cells only have enzymes for specific steroid to be made

22
Q

steroidogenic enzymes

A
  1. side chain cleavage enzyme; desmolase
  2. 17 alpha-hydroxylase
  3. 21-hydroxylase
  4. aromatase
23
Q

steroid metabolism

A

metabolized by cytochrome P50 in liver
excreted in urine or bile
1/2 lives can be very long (esp synthetic)

24
Q

route of steroid hormone Tx

A

can be given orally

25
Q

eicosanoid characteristics

A

derived from fatty acids (usually arachadonic acid)
released by lipases
act locally - paracrine
only active a few seconds (rapidly metabolized)

26
Q

regulation of endocrine activity (broad)

A

rate of production*
rate of delivery (ex. blood flow)
rate of degradation (liver) and elimination (kidney)

27
Q

chronotropic control

A

endogenous neuronal rhythm
based on diff external things (light/dark, eating, temp)
vary in time frame
may be diff @ diff life stages

28
Q

pacemaker of circadian rhythms

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

29
Q

importance of pulsatile hormone release

A

maintains secretion of necessary hormones

continuous would inhibit other things or block production (down regulation of receptors)

30
Q

binding proteins and half life

A

binding delays metabolism
provides reservoir of hormones
greater affinity to bps –> greater half life

31
Q

hormone receptor characteristics

A

specificity (only certain hormones)
affinity (changed by conformation, down with high hormone levels)
density (up or downregulation –> de/sensitization)

32
Q

permissiveness

A

one hormone in adequate amounts necessary for full effect of other protein to happen

33
Q

synergism

A

combined effect is greater than sum

34
Q

antagonism

A

one hormone lessens another hormone’s response

35
Q

agonist

A

molecule binds to receptor
induces receptor to biological effect
(act like hormone - may be more or less potent)

36
Q

antagonists

A

molecule binds to receptor
blocks agonist from binding
no biological effect occurs

Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions