Resp infections Flashcards
Key samples for Resp infections
Blood and sputum
Pneumonia
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Cultured on blood agar
- Gram positive diplococcus
- Optochine sensitive
- Alpha haemolysis on blood agar
Treatment for penumoniae
Amoxicillin
Gram positive antibiotics
Most gram positive amoxicillin or flucoxacilin - susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics
What does strep pneumonia cause
Infiltration of Alveolar cavity
Sputum
HEADACHES AND STUFF FEVER
Legionella pneumophila
- Suspect in severe community acquired pneumonia or travel to Spain or damp arounded the house or unclogged filters or mould growing or something
- Causes atypical pneumonia - infiltrates alveolar interstitium
- less of a fever and headache
Other atypical pneumoniaes
Chlamydia pneumophila
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Coxiella burnetti
First line for legionella
Clarithromycin
COPD your either …
Pink puffer or Blue bloater
What bacteria are involved in acute exacerbations in COPD
H. influenae - most common - gram negative bacillus
S. pneumoniae
H influenzae treatment in COPD
- B lactamase negative: Amoxicillin
- B lactamase positive: Co amoxiclav
TB stain
- Ziehl Neelsen stain - doesnt stain properly with gram stain
- Acid fast bacteria - stains red against typically blue background - main way of identifying TB
- Gram-positive rod under microscope
TB culture
Lowenstein Jensen
Histological TB
Central caseating granulomas
Non caseating granulomas
Sarcoidosis, leprosy and Crohns
Pneumocytsis Jirovicii test
Induced Sputum sample
BALF
PCR
PCP treatment
Trimethoprim/ sulfomethaxozole/ septin
Prednisolone if you have type 1 resp failure
AIDS defining
CD4 count < 200
Bronchiectasis is what
Perm damaged to airways due to CF, TB, COPD, pneumonia
What happens in bronchiectasis
Dilation + mucus accumulation
Mucus causes productive yellow sputum which goes green as well
Organisms that cause bronchiectasis
P. aeruginosa
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
1st line treatment for Bronchiectasis
Amoxicillin
Piperacilin - tazobactim for p.aeruginosa
