CNS Flashcards
Meningism symptoms
Headaches
Photophobia
Neck stiffness
Malaise
Fever
Non blanching meningoccocal rash
Neonates 0-3 months
- Group B strep. agalacticae
- E. Coli
- Listeria
Infants 3m - 6 Y
- S. pneumoniae
- N. meningitidis
- H. influenzae
Adult 6 - 60
S. pneumo + N. meningitidis
Elderly 60
- S. pneumonia
- N. meningitidis
- Listeria - found in cheeses - gram positive bacillus
Viral + Bacteria meningitis
Bacterial more severe less common
Viral - less severe more common
Most common cause of meningitis
- Enterovirus - herpes simplex virus 1, cmv and HIV
- Coxsackie virus and Echovirus - most implicated in viral meningitis
Encephalitis
- Infection of cerebral cortex
- Most common cause - is viral
- HSV1
- Tx - IV acyclovir
CSF analysis for bacterial meningitis
- CSF is yellow
- Increased Neutrophils
- Glucose is more than 50% of serum glucose
Viral meningitis CSF for meningitis
- Clear gin CSF
- Increased lymphocytes
- Glucose is 60% of serum glucose
TB + Fungi CSF for meningitis
- Yellow fibrous CSG
- Increased lymphocytes
- <50% serum glucose
N. meningitidis is what type of bacteria
Gram - diploccus
Strep pneumoniae meningitis
- Causes meningitis in adults and elderly
- Gram-positive diplococcus - optochine sensitive
Empirical treatment for meningitis
IM benzylpenicillin STAT
Then in hospital get main treatment
IV ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime + IV dexamethasone 12 hours within
If listeria suspected?
IV amoxicillin
Close contact tracing for meningitis
Contact Public Health England immediately
Close contacts will get one off dose of Ciprofloxacin
Which lobe affected in encephalitis
Temporal lobe
PCR for HSV 1
