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Paeds > Resp distress > Flashcards

Resp distress Flashcards

1
Q

common causes of cough

A
  • pneumonia
  • asthma
  • URTI
  • Bronchioloitis
  • whooping cough
  • FB
  • bronchiectasis
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2
Q

common causes of wheeze

A
  • bronchiolitis
  • asthma
  • HF
  • FB
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3
Q

common causes of acute stridor

A
  • croup
  • anapylaxis
  • FB
  • epiglottitis
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4
Q

common causes of chronic stridor

A
  • laryngomalacia
  • vocal cord palsy
  • subglottic stenosis
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5
Q

until what age are infants nasal breathers

A

6-12mo

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6
Q

what are the differences in a kids airway

A
  • smaller airways
  • trachea more cartilagenous + soft
  • narrowest point cricoid cartilage
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7
Q

what are some signs of increased WOB

A
  • tachypnoea
  • tachycardia
  • nasal flaring
  • grunting
  • tripod
  • paradoxical breathing
  • head bobbing
  • accessory muscles
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8
Q

what is a ddx for asthma in a child <3yrs

A

transient wheeze of infancy

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9
Q

what is croup

A

AKA laryngotracheobronchitis

viral infection of larynx, trachea and bronchitis

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10
Q

most common age for croup

A

6mo-5yrs

rare <3mo

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11
Q

common organism of croup

A

parainfluena

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12
Q

what is the typical course of croup

A

worse at night. peaks day 2/5

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13
Q

sx of croup

A
  • wheeze widespread
  • increased WOB
  • barking cough
  • coryzal sx
  • insp stridor
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14
Q

mx of croup

A

mild-mod
prednisolone 1mg/kg for 2 nights
severe
neb adrenaline and Im/IV dexamethasone

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15
Q

what is epiglottitis

A

bacterial infection of epiglottis

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16
Q

age for epiglottitis

A

2-4yo

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17
Q

organisms of epiglottitis

A

H. influenza, S. aureus, strep. pneumonie

18
Q

sx of epiglottitis

A 
drooling 
febrile 
dysphagua 
leaning forward
not coughing or speaking
19
Q

mx of epiglottitis

A

ICU
intubated
IV Abs

20
Q

what is bacterial tracheitis + organisms

A

bacterial infection of trachea

Hif, staph, strep

21
Q

CF of bacterial tracheitis

A

toxic child

++ sore trachea

22
Q

dx and mx of bacterial tracheitits

A

direct visualisation with endoscopy

ABX

23
Q

what is bronchioloitis

A

viral LRTI

24
Q

age for bronchioloitis

A

<12mo

25
Q

organisms of bronchioloitis

A

RSV, metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza

26
Q

progression of bronchioloitis

A

peak day 2-5. resolves 7-10

cough can persist for 1mo

27
Q

CF of bronchioloitis

A 
coryzal sx
cough 
wheeze
decreased feeding 
irritability 
apnoea
28
Q

mx of bronchioloitis

A 
supportive 
paracetamol adn sucrose for comfort 
minimal handling 
breast feeding small amounts and frequently 
2/3 maintence IVF 
o2 if sats <92%
29
Q

criteria for admission of pneumonia

A

<3yrs
unwell
extensive consolidation
pleural effusion

30
Q

mx of mild asthma

A
  • 1x puff salbutamol
  • reassess if effective can dc home
  • if non effective mx as moderate
31
Q

mx of moderate asthma

A
  • o2 if sats <92%
  • 1x puff salbutamol every 20 mins for 1hr
  • PO prednisolone 2mg/kg then 1mg/kg for 2-3days
32
Q

mx of severe asthma

A
  1. 02 if sats <92%
  2. 1x puff salbutamol every 20 mins for 1hr
  3. 1x puff ipatropium every 20 mins for 1hr
  4. aminophylline
  5. magnesium sulfate
  6. PO prednisolone of IV methylprednisolone
33
Q

mx of critical asthma

SILENT CHEST

A
  1. o2
  2. nebulised salbutamol
  3. nebulised ipatropium
  4. IV CCS
  5. magnesium sufate
  6. aminophylline
34
Q

DC requirements after asthma attack

A
  • eating and drinking well
  • no WOB
  • asthma action plan!!!!!!
  • correct inhaler technique
  • safety net
  • OPD or GP appt
35
Q

what is the long term asthma control

A

releiver - salbutamol
preventor
ICS first!!!! or montelukast before combo or LABA

36
Q

what are the indications for a preventor

A

sx when exercising
1+night/week waking up
1+/wk use of bronchodilator

37
Q

what is the correct technique for inhaler use`

A

should always use a spacer

  1. remove cap from inhaler and shake well
  2. insert inhaler into spacer
  3. hold horizontally
  4. form seal around spacer with lips
  5. breathe out gently
  6. press inhaler once and breathe in normally 3-4x
  7. repeat if necessary

to clean use warm water and detergent. do not rinse. let drip dry dont use paper towel or cloth

38
Q

what are the benefits of an asthma action plan

A
  • D time away from schoo/work
  • D hospitalisations
  • D ED presentations
  • I lung function
39
Q

what is laryngomalacia

A 
floppy larynx 
most common cause of congenital stridor 
most cases resolve by 1yr as larynx grows and cartilage rings harden 
can be exacerbated by URTI/LRTI
often does not cause issues with feeding
40
Q

how can CF present in neonate, infant and older children

A

neonate

  • meconium ileus
  • inestional atresia
  • hepatitis/prolonged jaundice

infant

  • rectal prolapse
  • FTT
  • malabsorption

older children

  • recurrent chest infection
  • nasal polyp
  • liver disease
  • DM
41
Q

what organs does CF affect

A

lungs, pancreas, intestines, liver

42
Q

how is CF dx

A

sweat test

heel prick test in infancy

Paeds (21 decks)

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