generalised oedema

Question 1

nephrotic syndrome causes

Answer 1

not inflamamtory
damage to podocytes
minimal change glomerulonephritis
FSGN

Question 2

hall mark of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 2

hypoalbuminemia
albuminuria
hyperlipidemia
oedema - eyes worst mornings

Question 3

hx assocaited with nephrotic syndrome

Answer 3

welling/puffy in morning 
esp eyes
pitting oedema 
wt gain 
thirsty

Question 4

CF of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

hypotension
pleural effusion
pedal oedema
ascites

Question 5

ix for nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

urine dip - ++++ prot, no blood (20% do)
lipids - increased chol 
LFT - low alb 
UEC - normal 
FBC - increased Hct 
Ig - decreased

Question 6

mx of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 6

IVF if hypotension 
management fluid overload if apparent 
prednisolone 4 wks then wean
albumin 
penicillin - risk of SBP
?aspirin - hypercoagulable

Question 7

prognosis of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 7

90% fully recover, 50% steroid dependent

Question 8

cx of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

hypotension
SBP
ascites, pleural effusion

Question 9

causes of nephritic syndrome

Answer 9

PSGN

IgA

Question 10

hallmarks of nephritic syndrome

Answer 10

HTN
proteinuria - non seclective
oliguria
oedema

Question 11

hx associated with nephritic syndrome

Answer 11

skin/throat infections 
loin pain 
headache 
oliguria
haematuria

Question 12

ix nephritic syndrome

Answer 12

urine - haematuria, proteinuria non selective, casts
ASOT, anti-DNAse B
UEC - raised creatinine
C3 - low

Question 13

mx nephritic syndrome

Answer 13

fluid restrict
frusemide if overloaded
daily weights
+/- penicillin

Question 14

prognosis of nephritic syndrome

Answer 14

most fully recovery

Question 15

cx of nephritic syndrome

Answer 15

ARF
CRF
severe electrolyte imbalances
cx of HTN - stroke, pulmonary oedema, encephalopathy