Resp - Clubbing And Cyanosis

Question 1

Causes of clubbing: respiratory

Answer 1

• Carcinoma: bronchial or mesothelioma
• Chronic lung suppuration: empyema, abscess, bronchiectasis, CF
• Fibrosis: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, TB

Question 2

Causes of clubbing: cardiac

Answer 2

• Infective endocarditis
• congenital cyanotic heart disease
• atrial myxoma

Question 3

Causes of clubbing: GIT

Answer 3

• Cirrhosis
• Crohn’s + UC
• Coeliac
• Cancer: GI lymphoma

Question 4

Causes of clubbing: other

Answer 4

• Familial
• thyroid acropachy
• upper limb AVMs or aneurysms

Question 5

Cyanosis: definition

Answer 5

• blue discolouration of mucosal membranes or skin

- deoxygenated Hb >5g/dl

Question 6

Cyanosis: causes - resp

Answer 6

• Hypoventilation: COPD, MSK
• Decreased diffusion: pulmonary oedema, fibrosis
• V/Q mismatch: PE/AVM

Question 7

Cyanosis: causes - cardiac

Answer 7

• congenital: fallot’s, TGA
• Decreased cardiac output: systolic LVF
• Vascular: Raynaud’s, DVT

Question 8

Cyanosis: causes - RBCs

Answer 8

-Low affinity Hb, may be hereditary or acquired