Resp: Anatomy and Breathing Flashcards
why dont single cell amoebas need lungs?
diffusion is enough to get o2 in and out of the system
what are the 3 sites of exchange in the respiratory system
between atmosphere and lung, between lung and blood, between blood and cells
what are the four functions of the respiratory system
transfer gases between air and blood
regulate body ph
defence against inhaled pathogens
vocalization
what is the role of the trachea
what structures constitute the upper respiratory tract
what structures constitute the lower respiratory tract
what are the muscles of inspiration
what are the muscles of expiration
what are the pleural sacs & what is their role
what does the fluid in the pleural cavity do
what are the three roles of the airway
what structures constitute the airway
where does gas exchange actually occur
what is the role of cilia lining the airway
explain what cilia does to mucous, what mucous does, and what the role of the water saline layer is
how do immune cells disable pathogens
1st bifurcation in the air way splits
2-4 bifurcations split
how do the 1st - 4th bifurcations maintain their shape
the 5th - 11th bifurcations split
the 12-16 bifurcations split
how are the 5 - 16th bifurcations stabalised
t/f: gas exchange happens in the airways
why do we want to distribute air to the alveoli at a low velocity?
discuss the relationship between surface area and gas exchange
where does gas exchange occur
how many alveoli do we have? rough size?
what is the role of alveoli?
what is the dif between type 1 and 2 alveolar cells
which alveolar cells make surfactant
what does surfactant do
through which type of diffusion does alveolar gas exchange occur
describe the blood flow vs blood pressure in the lungs
describe the path of blood from the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart, indicating when oxygenation occurs
which side of the heart does blood go to the lungs from ? from which side of the heart does the blood come from the lungs to
what happens to the right heart in the end stages of heart failure? why
what happens to lungs in end stages of heart failure
what are four ways in which the resp system protects itself from pathogens
what is a spirometer?
the trough of the wave on a spirometer represents what?
the peak of the wave of a spirometer represents what?
what is the VT?
what is the IRV
what is the ERV
what is the RV
what is the IC
what is the FRC
what is the VC
what is the TLC
how are each of the volumes and capacities (RV, ERV, TV, IRV, IC, FRC, TLC) affected in obstructive lung disease
what generally happens in obstructive lung disease? disease example?
what happens generally in inspiratory restrictive lung disease? disease example?
what happens generally in expiratory reserve lung disease? disease example?
how are each of the volumes and capacities (RV, ERV, TV, IRV, IC, FRC, TLC) affected in in inspiratory restrictive lung disease
how are each of the volumes and capacities (RV, ERV, TV, IRV, IC, FRC, TLC) affected in expiratory restrictive lung disease
what is FEV
what is FVC
what is a normal FEV FVC ratio
how does the FEV, FVC , and the ratio change in obstructive lung disease? why?
how can you treat asthma?
how does the FEV FVC ratio change in restrictive lung disease? why?
t/f: any FVC FEV ratio about 80% is healthy. explain why or why not
