Resp Flashcards
stony, dull to percuss
pleural effusion
right sided pleuritic chest pain
most likely pneumonia
alveolar bats wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, prominent, dilated upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion
pulmonary oedema
ground glass appearance on X-ray
Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of newborn
Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli
TB
caseous necrosis
TB
apical disease
most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion = Assmann focus
miliary tuberculosis
spread of organism into bloodstream. If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into lung occurs. if organism spread via pulmonary vein, systemic dissemination into liver, spleen, kidneys
positive anti-glomelular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture’s syndrome
chest infection + parrot/pigeon as pet
caused by chlamydophila psittaci
dry cough + diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread
legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)
‘tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana’
pneumothorax (Marfan’s)
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, and weight loss
sarcoidosis
bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT (signet ring sign)
bronchiectasis
D sign on X-ray
empyema
‘steeple’ sign on x-ray
laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
child with barking cough
croup
pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV (treat with co-tramox [+ prednis if severe])
asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity
Samter’s triad
alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)
Klebsellia pneumoniae
red jelly sputum
Klebsellia pneumoniae
mucoid sputum
chlamydophila psittaci
rusty sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
cannonball metastases (+ weight loss and haematuria)
primary renal cell carcinoma
morning headache
hypercapnia or side effects from organic nitrates
ACTH secreting lung tumour
small cell carcinoma of the lung
PTH secreting lung tumour
squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
neuroendocrine, highly-malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes
small-cell carcinoma
increased serum ACE and Ca2+
sarcoid
eggshell calcification at hilar region
silicosis
heart-failure cells seen in alveolar spaces
macrophages that have absorbed haemosederin. Often seen in chronic pulmonary oedema and assoc. LV heart failure. Can also be seen in chronic pulmonary hypertension
Ghon focus
area of infection and caseous necrosis found in periphery of lung beneath pleura - found in TB infection.
assmann lesion
apical lesion of secondary TB infection
coin lesion found on chest radiographs
primary bronchial/lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp of kidneys), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous infection, lung abscess
local spread of cancer to intrathoracic nodes or Pancoast tumour.
Horner’s syndrome
acute management: ‘O SHIT MA’
oxygen 100% through non-rebreather, salbutamol (nebulised), hydrocortisone (IV), ipratropium (nebulised), Theophylline (IV), Magnesium sulphate, Anaesthetist
thumbprint sign on head x-ray
epiglottitis
inspiratory whoop/barking cough
pertussis
snow-storm appearance on CXR
baritosis/silicosis
management of infective exacerbation of COPD: iSOAP
ipratropium, salbutamol, oxygen, amoxicillin, prednisolone
non-smoker + lung cancer
(peripheral) adenocarcinoma
squamous + small-cell lung cancer placement:
central
high D-dimers
suspect (but not diagnose) PE (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)
low D-dimers
exclude PE
treatment for large PE vs small PE
large PE = thrombolysis, small PE = low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
