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Buzzwords > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

stony, dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

alveolar bats wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, prominent, dilated upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

apical disease

A

most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion = Assmann focus

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8
Q

miliary tuberculosis

A

spread of organism into bloodstream. If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into lung occurs. if organism spread via pulmonary vein, systemic dissemination into liver, spleen, kidneys

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9
Q

positive anti-glomelular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

chest infection + parrot/pigeon as pet

A

caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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11
Q

dry cough + diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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12
Q

‘tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana’

A

pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, and weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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14
Q

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT (signet ring sign)

A

bronchiectasis

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15
Q

D sign on X-ray

A

empyema

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16
Q

‘steeple’ sign on x-ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

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17
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

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18
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-tramox [+ prednis if severe])

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19
Q

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad

20
Q

alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsellia pneumoniae

21
Q

red jelly sputum

A

Klebsellia pneumoniae

22
Q

mucoid sputum

A

chlamydophila psittaci

23
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

24
Q

cannonball metastases (+ weight loss and haematuria)

A

primary renal cell carcinoma

25
Q

morning headache

A

hypercapnia or side effects from organic nitrates

26
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

27
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

28
Q

neuroendocrine, highly-malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

A

small-cell carcinoma

29
Q

increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

sarcoid

30
Q

eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

silicosis

31
Q

heart-failure cells seen in alveolar spaces

A

macrophages that have absorbed haemosederin. Often seen in chronic pulmonary oedema and assoc. LV heart failure. Can also be seen in chronic pulmonary hypertension

32
Q

Ghon focus

A

area of infection and caseous necrosis found in periphery of lung beneath pleura - found in TB infection.

33
Q

assmann lesion

A

apical lesion of secondary TB infection

34
Q

coin lesion found on chest radiographs

A

primary bronchial/lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp of kidneys), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous infection, lung abscess

35
Q

local spread of cancer to intrathoracic nodes or Pancoast tumour.

A

Horner’s syndrome

36
Q

acute management: ‘O SHIT MA’

A

oxygen 100% through non-rebreather, salbutamol (nebulised), hydrocortisone (IV), ipratropium (nebulised), Theophylline (IV), Magnesium sulphate, Anaesthetist

37
Q

thumbprint sign on head x-ray

A

epiglottitis

38
Q

inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

39
Q

snow-storm appearance on CXR

A

baritosis/silicosis

40
Q

management of infective exacerbation of COPD: iSOAP

A

ipratropium, salbutamol, oxygen, amoxicillin, prednisolone

41
Q

non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

42
Q

squamous + small-cell lung cancer placement:

A

central

43
Q

high D-dimers

A

suspect (but not diagnose) PE (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

44
Q

low D-dimers

A

exclude PE

45
Q

treatment for large PE vs small PE

A

large PE = thrombolysis, small PE = low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)

Buzzwords (8 decks)

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