Psych

Question 1

third-person auditory hallucinations

Answer 1

schizophrenia

Question 2

mesocortical dopamine hypoactivity

Answer 2

negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia

Question 3

subcortical dopamine hyperactivity

Answer 3

psychosis

Question 4

name the dopamine pathways in the brain

Answer 4

tuberoinfundibular (PRL release), nigrostriatal (extra-pyramidal motor movements), subcortical and mesocortical (aka mesolimbic system, motivation and reward)

Question 5

mesolimbic: Da blockade

Answer 5

depression

Question 6

mesolimbic: Da agonism

Answer 6

psychosis

Question 7

clozapine SEs

Answer 7

agranulocytosis, weight gain

Question 8

rules for prescribing clozapine

Answer 8

2 other anti-psych drugs must already have been tried. prescription carried out by consultant. heavy monitoring 1/w for first 6/12, then 1/2w for next 6/12, then 1/4w thereafter + 1/12 after discontinuation.

Question 9

limbic system functions

Answer 9

(M2OVE) motivation, memory, olfaction, visceral afferents, emotion

Question 10

brain changes in schizophrenia

Answer 10

reduced frontal lobe volume (and grey matter), enlarged lateral ventricles, reduced grey matter in temporal cortex

Question 11

pressure of thought

Answer 11

varied ideas in abundance - characteristic of mania (also seen in schizophrenia)

Question 12

poverty of thought

Answer 12

patient reports lack/absence of thoughts

Question 13

thought blocking

Answer 13

abrupt and complete interruption of stream (strongly assoc w/ schizphrenia)

Question 14

flight of ideas

Answer 14

quickly moving from one topic to the other with the presence of a link - seen in manic phase of bipolar

Question 15

knight’s move thinking

Answer 15

like flight of ideas but without the link between topics

Question 16

extrapyramidal SE management

Answer 16

procyclidine

Question 17

amygdala function

Answer 17

involved in normal response to threat

Question 18

prefrontal cortex in relation to amygdala

Answer 18

dampens down amygdala response to threat (fewer connections, less effective)

Question 19

management of OCD

Answer 19

1. SSRI 2. alt SSRI 3. TCA/SSRI 4. alt SSRI or TCA: chlomipramine +/- CBT as adjunct

Question 20

learning disabilities categorised based on IQ score

Answer 20

borderline: 70-80, mild: 50-69, moderate: 35-49, severe: 20-34, profound: <20

Question 21

beck’s triad

Answer 21

-ve feelings about self, world, and future

Question 22

NMDA antagonists produce what SE?

Answer 22

psychotic symptoms

Question 23

alcohol withdrawal management

Answer 23

chlordiazepoxide (nocte)

Question 24

alcohol withdrawal seizures occur within

Answer 24

48hrs

Question 25

delirium tremens occurs between

Answer 25

48-72hrs

Question 26

eosinophilic inclusions

Answer 26

Lewy bodies (LBD and PD)