Psych Flashcards
third-person auditory hallucinations
schizophrenia
mesocortical dopamine hypoactivity
negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia
subcortical dopamine hyperactivity
psychosis
name the dopamine pathways in the brain
tuberoinfundibular (PRL release), nigrostriatal (extra-pyramidal motor movements), subcortical and mesocortical (aka mesolimbic system, motivation and reward)
mesolimbic: Da blockade
depression
mesolimbic: Da agonism
psychosis
clozapine SEs
agranulocytosis, weight gain
rules for prescribing clozapine
2 other anti-psych drugs must already have been tried. prescription carried out by consultant. heavy monitoring 1/w for first 6/12, then 1/2w for next 6/12, then 1/4w thereafter + 1/12 after discontinuation.
limbic system functions
(M2OVE) motivation, memory, olfaction, visceral afferents, emotion
brain changes in schizophrenia
reduced frontal lobe volume (and grey matter), enlarged lateral ventricles, reduced grey matter in temporal cortex
pressure of thought
varied ideas in abundance - characteristic of mania (also seen in schizophrenia)
poverty of thought
patient reports lack/absence of thoughts
thought blocking
abrupt and complete interruption of stream (strongly assoc w/ schizphrenia)
flight of ideas
quickly moving from one topic to the other with the presence of a link - seen in manic phase of bipolar
knight’s move thinking
like flight of ideas but without the link between topics
extrapyramidal SE management
procyclidine
amygdala function
involved in normal response to threat
prefrontal cortex in relation to amygdala
dampens down amygdala response to threat (fewer connections, less effective)
management of OCD
- SSRI 2. alt SSRI 3. TCA/SSRI 4. alt SSRI or TCA: chlomipramine +/- CBT as adjunct
learning disabilities categorised based on IQ score
borderline: 70-80, mild: 50-69, moderate: 35-49, severe: 20-34, profound: <20
beck’s triad
-ve feelings about self, world, and future
NMDA antagonists produce what SE?
psychotic symptoms
alcohol withdrawal management
chlordiazepoxide (nocte)
alcohol withdrawal seizures occur within
48hrs
delirium tremens occurs between
48-72hrs
eosinophilic inclusions
Lewy bodies (LBD and PD)