GI

Question 1

gingival hypertrophy

Answer 1

side effect of Ca-channel blockers or phenytoin

Question 2

bird beak appearance (+distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

achalasia (if in lower GI imaging = sign of obstruction)

Question 3

Grey Turner’s sign (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 3

acute pancreatitis

Question 4

mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis: GET SMASHED

Answer 4

Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune, Scorpion bites/stings, Hyperlipidaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, Drugs

Question 5

Murphy’s sign positive

Answer 5

Cholecystitis

Question 6

pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

Answer 6

biliary obstruction

Question 7

adbo distention, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 7

ascites + portal hypertension

Question 8

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Answer 8

IBD

Question 9

‘tinkling’ bowel sounds

Answer 9

bowel obstruction

Question 10

vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 10

coeliac disease

Question 11

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 11

gastric cancer

Question 12

urea breath test

Answer 12

H pylori

Question 13

14C breath test

Answer 13

bacterial overgrowth

Question 14

rice water-like stools

Answer 14

vibrio cholera

Question 15

presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)

Answer 15

primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 16

presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA)

Answer 16

autoimmune hepatitis

Question 17

alpha feto protein assay

Answer 17

hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 18

cobblestone mucosa; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 18

Crohn’s

Question 19

diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 19

spironolactone

Question 20

corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 20

diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 21

severe abdo pain + diarrhoea and vomiting after raw milk

Answer 21

campylobacter

Question 22

Russell’s sign

Answer 22

self-induced vomiting

Question 23

mallory hyaline bodies

Answer 23

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 24

crypt abscesses/cryptitis

Answer 24

Crohn’s

Question 25

onion-skinning of fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 25

primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 26

signet ring cells seen on biopsy

Answer 26

linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 27

thumb-printing on XR commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 27

ischaemic colitis

Question 28

Charcot’s triad

Answer 28

acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdo pain secondary to cholelithiasis

Question 29

causes for abdo mass: A CHEMICAL

Answer 29

AAA, Crohn’s, Hernia, Enlarged organ, Malignancy, Intersusception, Cyst or abscess, Appendicitis, Lymphadenopathy

Question 30

causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS

Answer 30

Bolus, Adhesion, Tumour, Hernia, Volvulus, Intersusception, Pseudo-obstruction, Stricture