resp Flashcards
common causitive organisms common cold in kids?
rhinovirus and RSV
complications of cold?
secondary bacterial infection or bronchitis
other name for croup?
tracheolaryngobrobchitis
what is croup most commonly caused by?
parainfluenza virus (RSV) which causes upper airway obstruction via subglottic inflammation, oedema and exudate
typical age range?
6 months to 6 years
intermittent, harsh loud stridor especially when ?
upset
in croup, on examination are they febrile/
no, pyrexial and able to swallow
indicators of severe disease in croup/
agitations and restlesness sternal retractions constant stridor cyanosis lethargy
diagnosis of croup?
AP neck x ray they have a narrow trachea
what is sign on x ray called in croup?
steeple sign
what should all infants with croup get?
dexametasone stat
moderate croup?
nebulized adrenaline
severe ?
oxygen, nebulised adrenaline and intubation
complications of croup?
bacterial tracheatis
croup with sudden deterioration
what position do children with epiglottis have?
tripod position
what would a lateral neck x ray show
thumb print sign
who do you call in epiglottis?
ENT/anaesthetics
where do you hold the oxygen mask in epiglottis ?
close to the child
does croup have a prodrome
yes
hyperinflation with patchy changes on x ray?
bronchiolitis
management of bronchiolitis?
supportive care
if baby less than one develops pneumonia, what is the treatment ?
co amoxiclav
if baby over 1 gets pneumonia?
amoxicillin
any severity hospital acquired pneumonia
co amoxiclav
coughing whoops followed by inspiratory whoop - case?
bordatella pertussis
investigation of whooping cough?
culture of nasopharyngeal aspirate or swab
what is stridor?
harsh inspiratory sound due to upper airway obstruction
what should always be considered in a child with stridor
foreign body inhalation
what do you give child with asthma at diagnosis?
PRN salbutamol and consider very low dose ICS
when do you use LTRA?
if under 5
when do you use LABA?
if over 5
in acute attack (po2 <92 and PEF 33-55 of predicted) management ?
bronchodilators and steroids
what steroid should be used/
prednisolone
when would you use aminothylline?
only in unresponsive or life threatening