Resp Flashcards
TB treatment
Combination of:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
For 2 months and only first two for the last four months. If isoniazid resistance, add ethambutol for last four months instead.
Isoniazid side effects
Peripheral neuropathy
Raised LFTs
Rifampicin side effects
Hepatotoxicity (baseline LFTs done frequently)
Atypical pneumonia organisms
Legionella pneumophilia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Hospital acquired pneumonia organisms
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
CURB-65 pneumonia score
Confusion Urea >7 RR > 30 BP Systolic < 90 Age > 65
Most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers
Adenocarcinoma
Non-small cell lung cancer types
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Side effects of oral steroids in asthma treatment
Thrush
Dysphonia
Skin thinning
They can be reduced by the use of a spacer
Short acting beta agonists used in asthma
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
(releivers-blue inhalers)
Asthma is often associated with
Eczema
Allergic rhinitis
Infective exacerbation of COPD treatment
1) Nebulised bronchodilators (Salbutamol, ipratropium)
2) Oxygen therapy if sats <88% (start at 24-28% and aim for sats 88-92%)
3) Steroids (IV hydrocortisone + oral prednisolone)
4) Antibiotics (eg amoxicilin)
Physiotherapy to aid sputum expectoration
Severe cases: consider non-invasive ventilation and IV aminophilline
2 preventative measures of infective exacerbations in COPD
Pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations
Commonest organisms to cause infective exacerbation of COPD
H. influenzae
Strep pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
When to add inhaled steroid therapy in COPD
FEV1 <50% or
>2 exacerbation per year
