Haem Flashcards
High APTT
Gum bleeds, epistaxis
Normal PT
Normal platelets
Von Willebrand disease
Iron deficiency anaemia characteristics
Microcytic anaemia with low ferritin
Koilonychia
Elliptocytes may be present
Three causes of microcytic anaemia
Iron deficiency
Anaemia of chronic disease (can also be normocytic)
Thalassaemia trait
Causes of macrocytic anaemia
Vit B12 deficiency Folic acid deficiency (Liver disease Alcohol toxicity Hypothyroidism)
Vit B12 deficiency symptoms
Fatigue
Glossitis
Paraesthesia
Macrocytic anaemia
Crohn’s disease
B12 deficiency
Sepsis
High fibrin degradation products
DIC
Iron better absorbed with
Acidic environments
Alkaline environments reduce its absorption
Dacrocytes (tear drop cells ) are indicative of what diagnosis
Myelofibrosis
also characteristic- massive splenomegaly
Schistocytes (fragmented red cells) associated with what conditions
Haemolytic anaemia
DIC
Spherocytes associated with what conditions
Haemolytic anaemia Congenital disease (Hereditary spherocytosis)
Target cells associated with what conditions
Thalassaemia
Liver disease, jaundice
Hyposplenism
Hypersegmented neutrophils associated with what type on anaemia
B12/ Folate deficiency
Pernicious anaemia
AI disease where antibodies attack intrinsic factor, B12 cannot be absorbed
In AML, ALL bone marrow exam shows what
More than 20% myeloblasts and lymphoblasts respectively
Auer rods seen in
AML
Elliptocytes seen in
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Iron deficiency anaemia
Pencil (cigar) cells seen in
Iron deficiency anaemia
(Hereditary elliptocytosis )
Similar to elliptocytes
Aplastic anaemia characteristics
Pancytopenia
Hypocellular bone marrow
AML characteristics
Auer rods
Stains with Sudan Black B
Multiple myeloma risk factors
Cause is unknown; RF:
Radiation
Insecticides, pesticides
HHV-8, HIV
NO hereditary correlation has been identified
Bence-Jones protein
Multiple myeloma
It is a light chain produced by myeloma cells
M-proteins are monoclonal antibodies (IgG, IgA)
A 55 year old man presents with a few months history of weight loss, lethargy & fever. On examination, he has a large liver & spleen. His WBC is 10.2x109/l & his blood film shows increased granulocytes & granulocyte precursors.
CML
Histopathological characteristics of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg cells
Other characteristics:
Painless enlarging mass in the neck
Painful after alcohol consumption
Pruritus, splenomegaly
Myelofibrosis key points
Leukoerythroblasts
Massive splenomegaly
BM biopsy is essential for diagnosis
Extramedullary haematopoiesis occurs leading to dacrocytes
HUS triad
Haemolytic anaemia
Acute renal failure
Thrombocytopenia
