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Revision > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic regurg signs

A

Quincke’s sign
Collapsing pulse
Wide pulse pressure (dynamic movements globally due to pulses)
EDM murmur (best heard in expiration with patient sitting forward)

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2
Q

Aortic stenosis signs

A

Slow rising pulse

Narrow pulse pressure

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3
Q

3rd heart sound

A

Big dilated ventricle (blood hitting the wall) (associated with heart failure)

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4
Q

4th heart sound

A

More common when the ventricle is thick (atria contract forcefully) (associated with long standing hypertension )

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5
Q

Left ventricular hypertrophy diagnosis

A

ECG tall R waves, deep S waves due to ventricle working really hard

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6
Q

When would a patient have a gallop rhythm? (S1 + S2 + S3 + S4)?

A

Hypertensive heart failure

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7
Q

Acute rheumatic fever is an

A

Autoimmune disease

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8
Q

Give another name for Sydenham’s chorea

A

St Vitus dance

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9
Q

2 signs on examination of Aortic dissection

A

Difference between bp in two arms

Early diastolic murmur- aortic regurg

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10
Q

ST elevation in an Anterior MI shows on which leads?

A

V1-V4 leads

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11
Q

ST elevation in an Inferior MI shows on which leads?

A

II III and aVF

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12
Q

ST elevation in a Lateral MI show on which leads?

A

I aVL V5 and V6

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13
Q

Anterior MI which artery is affected?

A

LAD

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14
Q

Inferior MI which artery is affected?

A

RCA

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15
Q

Lateral MI which artery is affected?

A

Circumflex of LCA

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16
Q

Type of tachycardia associated with Long QT syndrome

A

Torsades de pointes (Polymorphic VT)

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17
Q

DDx of pansystolic murmur

A

Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
Ventricular septal defect

18
Q

Causes of raised JVP

A

R sided heart failure
Tricuspid regurgitation
Constrictive pericarditis

19
Q

Mitral regurg signs

A

Pansystolic murmur loudest in mitral area
Radiates to axila
Displaced apex beat

20
Q

Sinus tachycardia causes

A

Anxiety
Sepsis
Hypovolaemia

21
Q

ECG: Tachycardia, regular, no p waves

A

SVT (AVNRT or AVRT)

22
Q

AF causes

A

Thyrotoxicosis, alcohol
Pericarditis, IHD, Hypertensive heart disease, valve problems
Pneumonia, PE, cancer

23
Q

ECG: broad complex tachycardia

A

Ventricular tachycardia (until proven otherwise)

24
Q

Causes of VT

A

IHD
Electrolyte abnormality
Long QT

25
Q

Cardioversion vs Defibrillation

A

Cardioversion needs to be synced with the cardiac cycle otherwise it could have negative effect
(In cardiac arrest you just deliver the shock)

26
Q

Acute SVT management

A

Haemodynamic compromised -> cardioversion

Vagal manoeuvres
Adenosine (contraindicated in asthmatics)

27
Q

Acute AF management

A

If less than 48 hours –> Cardiovert
CANT cardiovert if more than 48 hours

If not --> treat underlying cause +
Rate control (b blocker, digoxin), anticoagulate to reduce risk of stroke
28
Q

Acute VT management

A

Haemodynamic compromised -> cardioversion

If not –> IV amiodarone
Look for underlying cause (electrolytes)

29
Q

Chest X-Ray signs of heart failure

A

Dilated, prominent upper lobe vessels
Cardiomegaly
Peri-hilar shadowing (Bat’s wings) due to alveolar oedema
Kerley B lines (interstitial oedema)
Blunt costophrenic angles (Pleural effusions)

30
Q

Aortic regurg hyperdynamic circulation signs

A

Quinkes sign (pulsating nailbeds)
Corrigan’s sign (pulsating carotids)
De Mussets sign (head noding with each heart beat)

Traubes sign (murmur heard over arteries)
Duroziez (diastolic murmur when femoral artery pressed with bell of stethoscope)
Muller’s sign (pulsating uvula)

31
Q

Mid systolic click followed by late systolic murmur heard at the apex

A

Barlow syndrome (mitral valve prolapse)

32
Q

Low pitched, mid diastolic rumble at the apex

A

Austin Flint murmur

associated with aortic regurgitation

33
Q

Constant machinery murmur

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

34
Q

High pitched early diastolic at left sternal edge

A

Graham Steell murmur

pulmonary regurgitation

35
Q

Short, mid diastolic rumble at the apex. Associated with rheumatic fever

A

Carey Coombs murmur

36
Q

How do you measure PR interval and what is normal?

A

Start of P-wave to start of QRS

0.12-0.20 s

37
Q

Aortic coarctation signs

A

Hypertension
Radio-radial/ radio-femoral delay
Mid-systolic murmur at aortic area, radiating to the back
Left ventricular hypertrophy common

38
Q

What is a heave and what is a thrill?

A

Heave: very strong heartbeat you can feel
Thrill: palpable murmurs

39
Q

What is Kussmaul’s sign?

A

Paradoxical rise in JVP with inspiration (should fall with inspiration)

Associated with Constrictive Pericarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, RH failure etc

40
Q

DDx of pleuritic chest pain

A 
PE
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Pleural pathology 
Pericarditis
41
Q

Hyperkalaemia ECG changes

A

Tall tented T waves
Prolonged PR
Decreased or disappearing P waves
Wide QRS

42
Q

Major criteria for rheumatic fever

A 
Carditis
Arthritis
Sydenham's chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules

Revision (11 decks)

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