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ESA 3-munee And Sophie > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

What constitutes the conduction airways?

A

Trachea to terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

What constitutes the resp zone

.

A

Resp bronchioles to alveolar sacs

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3
Q

What does the larynx become at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Trachea

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4
Q

What are the roles of the conchae?

A

Slows airflow

Increase SA over which air passes

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5
Q

What is the epithelium in nasal cavity? What does it do?

A

Pseudostratified ciliates columnar epithelium
Filters-cilia
Humidifies-watery secretions
Warms-rich blood supply

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6
Q

Where do the contents of the nasal cavity drain into?

A

Paranassl sinuses

Nasolacrimal duct

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7
Q

Indicate on your face where the frontal, ethnoidal, sphenoidal and macillary sinuses are.

A

On face

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8
Q

Where does the pharynx extend from, to?

A

Base if skull to C6

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9
Q

Name the tube that transmits an URTI to the middle ear. Why is it more likely in children?

A

Eustachian

Tube is shorter and more horizontal so easier to travel to middle ear

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10
Q

Name three things that cause airway obstruction?

A

Oedema
Foreign body aspiration
Tumour
Anaphylactic reaction

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11
Q

What can damage to the left RLN indicate besides hoarseness of voice and airway injury?

A

Lung cancer and intrathoracic problems

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12
Q

where do ribs 1-7, 8-10 and 11-12 articulate?

A

1-7-sternum
8-10-costal cartilages
11-12-floating ribs (posteriorly with vertebral column via costovertebral joints)

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13
Q

where do the intercostal vessels and nerves run with regards to the rib?

A

in the costal groove on the shaft

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14
Q

what type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

A

synovial

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15
Q

what 2 joints of the ribs assist respiration?

A
  • head of rib attached to corresponding vertebra

- costotransverse joint-articular facet on tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process

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16
Q

which ribs are atypical?

A

1,2,10,11,12

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17
Q

what are the 3 main features of the first rib?

A
  • broadest,shortest and most sharply curved rib

- has scalene tubercle which separates grooves for subclavian vein and artery

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18
Q

what does the rough area on the second rib correspond to?

A

tuberosity for serratus anterior

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19
Q

are external intercostal muscles involved in inspiration or expiration? what direction do the fibres run?

A

inspiration

downwards and anteriorly

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20
Q

what muscles are involved in forced expiration?

A

internal and innermost intercostals

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21
Q

In what direction do the internal and innermost intercostal muscles run?

A

internal-downards and posteriorly

innermost-downwards

22
Q

what nerve supplies the intercostal muscles

A

intercostal nerves

23
Q

what is the main muscle of inspiration?

A

diaphragm

24
Q

what are the 3 openings of the diaphragm and what vertebral level?

A
  • vena cava-T8
  • oesophagus-T10
  • Aortic hiatus-T12
25
Q

what is the nerve supply of the diaphragm and name the root values?

A

c3,4,5 phrenic nerve

26
Q

in what order do the bundle of intercostal vessels run from superior to inferior? Where in relation to the ribs do they lie?

A

vein, artery, nerve

lower border of rib

27
Q

where shouls a pleural aspiration be carried out and why?

A

upper border of rib to avoid intercostal vessels

28
Q

what do the 12 intercostal nerves supply?

A

intercostal muscles, parietal pleura and overlying skin in corrsponding space

29
Q

name the 2 veins the 2 anterior intercostal veins drain into.

A

internal thoracic—>subclavian

30
Q

name the 2 veins the right posterior intercostal veins drain into.

A

azygous—>SVC

31
Q

name the 2 veins the left posterior intercostal veins drain into.

A

hemiazygous–>SVC

32
Q

What is the blood supply and innervation of the pleura?

A

intercostal and internal thoracic arteries and veins

Intercostal and phrenic nerves

33
Q

what are the 2 functions of the pleural cavity?

A

provides frictionless movement

provides cohesion that keeps lung surface in cotact with thoracic wall

34
Q

where does the trachea begin and end?

A

begins at lower border of cricoid cartilage in neck

ends by dividing into left and right main bronchi at level of sternal angle

35
Q

what epithelia is found in trachea?

A

pseudostratified ciliated

36
Q

what holds the trachea open?

A

c shaped cartilage rings and trachealis muscle

37
Q

what is the carina?

A

angle between right and left main bronchi

38
Q

why do things get stuck in the right main bronchus more than elft?

A

more vertical, short and wide

39
Q

what muscles assists in quiet inspiration?

A

external intercostal and diaphragm

40
Q

what muscles assists in quiet expiration?

A

none! its elastic recoil of the lungs

41
Q

Is inspiration a passive or active process?

A

active

42
Q

In what three states does quiet breathing take more effort, apart from effort required to stretch the lungs?

A
  • diaphragm cannot easily move into abdomen

e. g. pregnancy, obesity, corsets/back injury

43
Q

why is quiet expiration passive?

A

elastic recoil of the lungs

44
Q

what muscles assists in active/forced inspiration?

A

external intercostal,diaphragm, sternocleidomastoid, scalene, serratus anterior and pec major

45
Q

what muscles assists in active/forced expiration?

A

internal intercostal, abdominal muscles

46
Q

what is the important protein in surfactant?

A

surfactant protein A

47
Q

what is surfactant produced by?

A

type 2 alveolar pneumocytes

48
Q

what is Laplaces law?

A

pressure=(2 x surface tension)/ radius

49
Q

what 2 things does surfactant do in the lungs and what does it prevent?

A
  • reduces surface tension in alveoli
  • increase compliance
  • stops alveoli collapsing in on each other and joining together
50
Q

what is RDS in babies and what does it mean for the lungs?

A

too little surfactant produced

lungs very stiff and few large alveoli

ESA 3-munee And Sophie (4 decks)

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