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ESA 3-munee And Sophie > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anteriolateral abdominal wall bound by?

A

Costal cartilages of 7th to 10th rib and xiphoid sternum

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2
Q

Where is the arcuate line and what does it signify?

A

1/3 of way from umbillicus to public crest

Where reclusive fibrous sheath stops forming posteriorly

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3
Q

Name the 3 flat and 2 vertical muscles of the abdomen.

A

Trans versus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique

Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis

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4
Q

What do all aponeuroses fuse to form?

A

Rectus sheath of rectus abdominis

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5
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the lines alba?

A

Xiphoid process and pubic symphysis

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6
Q

Name the part that forms the middle of the rectus abdominis and the bits inbetween the muscles

A

Linea alba and tendinous intersections

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7
Q

Where is an appendicectomy formed and what do you call this point?

A

2/3 of the distance between the umbillicus and ASIS

McBurney’s point

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8
Q

Describe a gridiron incision. Give an example when it is used

A

Open and closing scissors to separate out muscle rather than cutting through things
Appendecectomy

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9
Q

Give two times when a patent urachus forms.

A

At birth

Later in life when men develop benign prostatic hypertrophy

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10
Q

Give me three features of meckels diverticulum. What can be caused when the diverticulum contains ectopic gastric tissue?

A 
2% affected
2 feet from ileocecal valve
2 inches long
Detected in under 2s
2:1 ratio male:female

Ulceration

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11
Q

What causes faecal matter to come out of the umbillicus?

A

Vitelline fistula

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12
Q

What is it called when abdominal contents are left outside the body, uncovered?

A

Gastroschisis

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13
Q

What are the abdominal contents covered by in omphalocele?

A

Reflection of the amnion

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14
Q

Where does pain begin in early appendicitis? At what spinal level?

A

Umbillicus T10

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15
Q

Give three reasons for referred diaphragmatic pain. Which shoulder affected and why?

A

Ruptured spleen
Ectopic pregnancy
Perforated ulcer

Left as right is covered by liver

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16
Q

Where does the greater omentum attach from, to?

A

From greater curve of stomach to anterior surface of transverse colon

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17
Q

Where does the lesser omentum attach from, to?

A

Lesser curve of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver

Also connects stomach to portal triad

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18
Q

What does the falciparum ligament do?

A

Connects liver to anterior abdominal wall

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19
Q

What is the whole connecting the two omentums called?

A

Omental foramen, foreamen of Winslow

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20
Q

Name the 9 surface regions of the abdomen and show them on yourself.

A

epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric/suprapubic, left/right hypochondriac, left/right lumbar, left/right iliac

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21
Q

where do you find free communication between the supra and infra colic compartments?

A

paracolic gutters (lateral edge of colon)

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22
Q

what sac are the supra and infra colic compartments part of?

A

greater sac

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23
Q

The cavity in the abdomen formed by the lesser and greater omentum is called what?

A

lesser sac

24
Q

What is the internal epithelial lining of the gut derived from?

A

endoderm

25
Q

What is the external lining of the gut derived from?

A

splanchnic mesoderm-future musculature, visceral peritoneum

26
Q

what borders the foregut and midgut?

A

between the proximal and distal duodenum

27
Q

what borders the midgut and hindgut?

A

from proximal 2/3 of transverse to distal 1/3 of transverse colon

28
Q

what arteries supply the fore, mid and hindgut? One for each

A

for-celiac trunk
mid-SMA
hind-IMA

29
Q

which 2 organs have mixed blood supply in the GI tract? what 2 arteries is it?

A

duodenum and pancreas (celiac trunk and SMA)

30
Q

what mesentry is the greater omentum formed from?

A

dorsal

31
Q

what mesentry is the lesser omentum formed from?

A

ventral

32
Q

what 2 directions does the stomach rotate in?

A

longitudinal

anteroposterior axis

33
Q

Where does the vagus nerve lie after stomach rotation?

A

Anterior and posterior to stomach

34
Q

what is the name of the wedge of tissue that separates the trachea and oesophagus during embryologicial development?

A

tracheoesophageal septum

35
Q

what causes the liver to have a bare area on the superiror part?

A

grows at same time as diaphragm and doesn’t have visceral covering

36
Q

Name 2 organs that are secondarily retroperitoneal.

A

duodenum and pancreas

37
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Protrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond the normal confines of the abdominal wall

38
Q

What are the three parts of a hernia?

A

The sac
Contents of the sac
Coverings of the sac

39
Q

What is the sac of a hernia made up of?

A

A pouch of peritoneum

40
Q

Name 4 places you could get a weakness in the abdominal wall predisposing you to a hernia?

A

Inguinal canal
Femoral canal
Umbilicus
Previous incisions

41
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Oblique passage through lower part of abdominal wall

42
Q

What is the Gubernaculum and what does it link?

A

Condensed band of mesenchyme

Links go ad to labioscrotal dwelling

43
Q

Name the ant, post, roof and floor of the inguinal canal

A

Aponeurosis of ext oblique reinforced by int oblique laterally
Tranversalis fascia, conjoint tendon medially
Transversalis fascia, internal oblique and trans versus abdominis
Inguinal ligament, thickened medially by lacunae ligament

44
Q

Name the two types of inguinal hernias. Which is most common?

A

Direct and indirect

Indirect is most common

45
Q

Are indirect hernia more common in men or women? Which side?

A

Men

Right sided

46
Q

Describe the relationship of the epigastric vessels to indirect and direct hernias

A

Indirect- lies lateral to inferior epigastric vessel

Direct- lies medial

47
Q

What is difference between mid inguinal point and mid point of the inguinal ligament?

A

Mid inguinal point- ASIS to pubic symphysis- finds femoral artery
Mid point of inguinal ligament- midway ASIS to pubic tubercle- finds deep inguinal ring

48
Q

What are the boarders of Hesselbachs triangle? (Base, lat, med)

A

Base- inguinal ligament
Lateral- inf epigastric vessels
Medial- lateral boarder of rectus abdominis

49
Q

What are the boarders of the femoral triangle?

A

Sup- inguinal ligament
Lat- med boarder of sartorius
Med- med boarder of adductor longus

50
Q

What does and indirect inguinal hernia pass through?

Under what conditions can this pass into the scrotum?

A

Deep inguinal ring
Inguinal canal
Sup ring
Enters scrotum if processes vaginalis is not obliterated

51
Q

Which hernia bulges through Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Direct, in the vicinity of the sup inguinal ring

52
Q

Why are femoral hernia more common in women?

A

Due to pelvic anatomy- wider so can get stuck more easily.

53
Q

What is the name of the entrance to the femoral canal?

A

Femoral ring

54
Q

What are the boarders of the femoral canal?

A

Med- lacunae ligament
Lat- femoral vein
Ant- inguinal ligament
Post- pectineal ligament, sup ramus of pubic bone, pectineus muscle

55
Q

Where does a femoral hernia normally exit?

A

Saphenous opening

56
Q

What is the difference between and incarcerated and stangulated hernia?

A

Incarcerated is stuck and irreducible (can’t be pushed back in)
Strangulated- blood supply is disrupted and can lead to tissue necrosis

ESA 3-munee And Sophie (4 decks)

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