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Medicine Ellen > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

What nervous system governs the intrinsic tone of the airways?

A

Parasympathetic (autonomic)

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2
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in parasympathetic innervation of the airways?

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

What nervous system constricts the airways and what neurotransmitter is used?

A

Parasympathetic and acetylcholine

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4
Q

What nervous system has an indirect influence on the airways?

A

Sympathetic?

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5
Q

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the airways?

A

Dilation

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6
Q

How does the sympathetic NS effect the airways?

A

Stimulates medulla of adrenal gland to release adrenaline (epinephrine) which travels via the blood to the airways

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7
Q

What are the types of cholinergic receptors?

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic

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8
Q

What are the types of adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha and Beta

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9
Q

In the airways what receptor does acetylcholine bind to?

A

M3

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10
Q

In the airways what receptor does noradrenaline bind to?

A

Beta-2

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11
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the airways?

A

Constriction

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12
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Forced exhaled volume after normal breath out

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13
Q

At what level does do the lungs cross the mid-clavicular line?

A

6th rib

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14
Q

At what level do the lungs cross the mid-axillary line?

A

8th rib

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15
Q

At what levels is there lateral displacement of the left lung due to the heart?

A

Ribs 4-6

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16
Q

At 5cm from the midline posteriorly, what level is the lung as?

A

10th rib

17
Q

What is the purpose of cartilage in the trachea and bronchi?

A

Trachea above 1st rib - Stop airway collapse in inspiration. Below 1st rib - Stop collapse in forced expiration

18
Q

Do the cartilages of trachea and bronchi have muscles and if so why?

A

Yes to alter their diameter

19
Q

In which bronchi is an inhaled peanut likely to end up and why?

A

Right as its a straighter path

20
Q

If you are asked to listen to the upper lobe of a patients lung where would you put the stethoscope?

A

Anteriorly upper chest wall. Above oblique fissure

21
Q

If you are asked to listen to the right middle lobe of a patients lung where would you put the stethoscope?

A

5th intercostal space. Right of sternum

22
Q

How far does the lung project above the clavicle?

A

2 fingers above medial clavicle

23
Q

Name abdominal organs the lungs overlap

A

Liver, spleen, upper poles of kidneys, adrenal glands, stomach

24
Q

How do you distinguish pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and bronchi at the hilum of lung

A

Bronchus has cartilage. Pulmonary artery is thicker walled and usually superior. Pulmonary vein is thinner walled and usually inferior

25
Q

Name 3 structures other than arteries, veins and bronchi at the hilum of lung

A

Bronchial artery, lymphatics and sympathetic nerves

26
Q

What are the contents of the intercostal space?

A

Intercostal artery, vein and nevre

27
Q

What are the different parts of a rib?

A

Head, neck, tubercle and shaft

28
Q

What connects the ribs to each other?

A

Intercostal muscles

29
Q

To which bones do the ribs articulate with at the back?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

30
Q

Which vertebrae lie in the same horizontal plane as the sternal angle?

A

T4

31
Q

Which rib articulates at the sternal angle?

A

2nd

32
Q

Do bronchioles have cartilage?

A

No

33
Q

How does expiration take place?

A

Passive elastic recoil

34
Q

What are the surface markings of the apex of the lung?

A

2 fingers / 3cm above medial clavicle

35
Q

What are the surface markings of the lower border of the lung?

A

Anteriorly 6th rib, mid-axillary 8th rib and posteriorly 10th rib

36
Q

What are the surface markings of the lower border of the pleural cavity?

A

Anteriorly 8th rib, mid-axillary 10th rib and posteriorly 12th rib

37
Q

What are the surface markings of the oblique fissure?

A

Along 5th rib (4th @ back and 6th @ front)

38
Q

What are the surface marking of the horizontal fissure?

A

4th rib

Medicine Ellen (7 decks)

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