CV Flashcards
Patient is right dominant and has LAD ischemia. Which structure is more likely to be effected - LA or RA?
Left atrium
Tachycardia w/ narrow complex. Which part of the heart is dysfunctional?
AVN
SAN
Purkinje fibres
Myocardium of LA
SAN
Where is pec major inserted?
Humerus
What nerves supply pec major?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
What are the actions of pec major?
Adduction fo humerus & medial rotation of humerus
What is pec minor innervated by?
Medial pectoral N
Where is pec minor inserted?
Corocoid Process
What is the developmental significance of the ligamentum arteriosum?
Remnant of embryological shunt between pulmonary artery & aorta
What are the main branches of the Left common carotid and what do they supply?
Internal carotid - Cerebrum
External carotid - Face and upper neck
What does the left subclavian artery supply?
Arm and some of lower neck & shoulder
What is the distribution of the phrenic N
Diaphragm (Sensory & Motor)
Where does the phrenic N enter the abdomen?
Through central tendon of diaphragm, alongside IVC (R) and apex of the heart (L)
Where is the apex of heart?
5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
What structures form the left border of the heart?
(Top down) L pulmonary A, L auricular appendage, L ventricle
On which aspect of the heart do you see the LA and what is it related to?
Posterior surface. Related to oesophagus
How do tricuspid and mitral valves work?
Open passively when atria contract. When ventricle starts to contract combo of tension on cordi tendoni and blood flowing behind valves cause them to shut. Papillary muscles act on cordi to ensure valves opposed whilst contraction occurs.
How do aortic and pulmonary valves work?
Valves open passively with ventricle contraction. As systole ends blood flows back and into sinuses. This causes valve leaflets to close and are held closed by pressure of blood.
Where are pulmonary and aortic valves heard?
2nd intercostal space L sternal edge and 2nd intercostal space R sternal edge respectively
What phase of cardiac cycle do coronary arteries fill and why?
Diastole. During ventricular contraction pressure in LV muscle same as LV. Pressure in coronary arteries has to be lower than LV pressure. In diastole pressure in muscle lower than coronary arteries
Where are SAN and AVN found?
SAN - Crista terminalis (where smooth and trabeculated meet)
AVN - Small nodule above septal cusp of tricuspid valve in inter-atrial septum
What is the blood supply of the SA node?
60% from RCA
40% circumflex
What is the blood supply of the AV node?
90% RCA (Post. interventricular artery)
10% circumflex
What chambers and vessels form the right heart border? (X-ray)
(Subclavian V, brachiocephalic V) Superior vena cava, RA, Inferior vena cava (just)
What chambers and vessels form the left heart border? (X-ray)
(L subclavian A) Arch of aorta, L pulmonary A, L auricular appendage, LV
