CV

Question 1

Patient is right dominant and has LAD ischemia. Which structure is more likely to be effected - LA or RA?

Answer 1

Left atrium

Question 2

Tachycardia w/ narrow complex. Which part of the heart is dysfunctional?

AVN
SAN
Purkinje fibres
Myocardium of LA

Answer 2

SAN

Question 3

Where is pec major inserted?

Answer 3

Humerus

Question 4

What nerves supply pec major?

Answer 4

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 5

What are the actions of pec major?

Answer 5

Adduction fo humerus & medial rotation of humerus

Question 6

What is pec minor innervated by?

Answer 6

Medial pectoral N

Question 7

Where is pec minor inserted?

Answer 7

Corocoid Process

Question 8

What is the developmental significance of the ligamentum arteriosum?

Answer 8

Remnant of embryological shunt between pulmonary artery & aorta

Question 9

What are the main branches of the Left common carotid and what do they supply?

Answer 9

Internal carotid - Cerebrum

External carotid - Face and upper neck

Question 10

What does the left subclavian artery supply?

Answer 10

Arm and some of lower neck & shoulder

Question 11

What is the distribution of the phrenic N

Answer 11

Diaphragm (Sensory & Motor)

Question 12

Where does the phrenic N enter the abdomen?

Answer 12

Through central tendon of diaphragm, alongside IVC (R) and apex of the heart (L)

Question 13

Where is the apex of heart?

Answer 13

5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

Question 14

What structures form the left border of the heart?

Answer 14

(Top down) L pulmonary A, L auricular appendage, L ventricle

Question 15

On which aspect of the heart do you see the LA and what is it related to?

Answer 15

Posterior surface. Related to oesophagus

Question 16

How do tricuspid and mitral valves work?

Answer 16

Open passively when atria contract. When ventricle starts to contract combo of tension on cordi tendoni and blood flowing behind valves cause them to shut. Papillary muscles act on cordi to ensure valves opposed whilst contraction occurs.

Question 17

How do aortic and pulmonary valves work?

Answer 17

Valves open passively with ventricle contraction. As systole ends blood flows back and into sinuses. This causes valve leaflets to close and are held closed by pressure of blood.

Question 18

Where are pulmonary and aortic valves heard?

Answer 18

2nd intercostal space L sternal edge and 2nd intercostal space R sternal edge respectively

Question 19

What phase of cardiac cycle do coronary arteries fill and why?

Answer 19

Diastole. During ventricular contraction pressure in LV muscle same as LV. Pressure in coronary arteries has to be lower than LV pressure. In diastole pressure in muscle lower than coronary arteries

Question 20

Where are SAN and AVN found?

Answer 20

SAN - Crista terminalis (where smooth and trabeculated meet)

AVN - Small nodule above septal cusp of tricuspid valve in inter-atrial septum

Question 21

What is the blood supply of the SA node?

Answer 21

60% from RCA

40% circumflex

Question 22

What is the blood supply of the AV node?

Answer 22

90% RCA (Post. interventricular artery)

10% circumflex

Question 23

What chambers and vessels form the right heart border? (X-ray)

Answer 23

(Subclavian V, brachiocephalic V) Superior vena cava, RA, Inferior vena cava (just)

Question 24

What chambers and vessels form the left heart border? (X-ray)

Answer 24

(L subclavian A) Arch of aorta, L pulmonary A, L auricular appendage, LV