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GCSE Chemistry > Resources 2 > Flashcards

Resources 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of ceramic I need to know

A

Glass
Clay ceramics

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2
Q

Name for must glass we use

A

Soda lime glass

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3
Q

To key things that use soda lime glass to make

A

Bottles
Windows

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4
Q

3 ingredients for soda lime glass

A

Sand
Sodium carbonate
Limestone

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5
Q

Steps to make soda lime glass

A

Mix together sodium carbonate, limestone and sand and heat in furnace until melted
Shape when its cooling into necessary shape

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6
Q

Do we shape soda like glass before or after heating

A

After
First mic together sand, sodium carbonate and limestone then heat with furnace then shape when it’s cooling

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7
Q

1 key drawback if soda lime glass

A

Low melting point
(Limits its use)

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8
Q

Name for 2nd type of glass

A

Borosilicate glass

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9
Q

2 types of glass (their names)

A

Soda like glass (lower melting point)
Borosilicate glass (higher melting point)

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10
Q

Which out of soda lime glass and borosilicate glass has a higher melting point

A

Borosilicate glass
(Makes it useful for kitchenware, lab ware and anything that needs heating)

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11
Q

Uses of borosilicate glass (due to its high melting point)

A

Kitchenware, labware, anything that needs heating

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12
Q

What 2 things is borosilicate glass made from

A

Sand
Boron trioxide

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13
Q

2 uses of clay ceramics

A

Pottery
Bricks

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14
Q

How clay products are made

A

Shaped when wet
Heated in furnace to harden

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15
Q

2 things that make up composites

A

Reinforcement (contains fibres of one material)
Matrix (Surrounds the reinforcement)

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16
Q

Reinforcement vs matrix

A

Both make up composite
Reinforcement= fibres of one material
Matrix= outer layer of another material surrounding reinforcement

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17
Q

2 things properties of polymer depend on

A

Type of monomer
Conditions used to make polymer

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18
Q

3 conditions to change to change property of polymer

A

Reaction Temperature
Reaction pressure
Use Catalyst

19
Q

Name for Type of polymers that melt when heated

A

Thermosoftening polymers

20
Q

Forces that break when thermosoftening polymers are heated

A

Intermolecular forces

21
Q

Name for type of polymers that don’t melt when heated

A

Thermosetting polymers

22
Q

Key feature of thermosetting polymers (why they don’t melt when heated)

A

Polymer chains connected by strong cross links

23
Q

Corrosion meaning

A

Destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment

24
Q

Method for experiment to see conditions required for rusting

A

1) add fixed volume of distilled water to test tube 1 along with iron nail (air and water)
2) add fixed volume of boiled distilled water to test tube 2 along with iron nail and layer of oil on top of water (water)
3) add nail to iron nail to test tube with bung in to prevent moist from entering (oxygen)
4) leave test tubes for several days and observe changes to nail

25
Q

Barrier methods to completely stop corrosion

A

Paint
Grease (oil)
Coat material with metal (electroplating)

26
Q

Electroplating meaning

A

Coat material with metal to prevent material from corroding

27
Q

Name for coating material with metal to prevent material from corroding

A

Electroplating

28
Q

Why aluminium doesn’t corrode

A

Aluminium reacts with oxygen in air to form layer of aluminium oxide which prevents aluminium underneath from corroding

29
Q

Why aluminium doesn’t corrode

A

Aluminium reacts with oxygen in air to form layer of aluminium oxide which prevents aluminium underneath from corroding

30
Q

Galvanising meaning

A

Coating metal with zinc

31
Q

Phytomining process

A

Plants grown on soil containing low grade copper ore
Plants harvested and burnt
Ash contains copper compound
Displace copper from compound with scrap iron/ use electrolysis to get copper

32
Q

Bioleaching process

A

Mix bacteria with low grade copper ore (bacteria break it down)
Biological and chemical reactions produce leachate which is a solution containing copper compound
Displace copper from compound using scaap iron (iron is more reactive than copper)/ by electrolysis

33
Q

3 things phytomining/ bioleaching don’t involve which normal methods of metal extraction do e.g mining

A

Digging/ transporting/ disposing large amounts of rock

34
Q

3 things phytomining/ bioleaching don’t involve which normal methods of metal extraction do e.g mining

A

Digging/ transporting/ disposing large amounts of rock

35
Q

4 uses of resources

A

Warmth
Shelter
Transport
Food

36
Q

Why potable water isn’t pure

A

It contains small amounts of dissolved substances

37
Q

2 key steps to get potable water from fresh water e.g lakes and rivers

A

Pass water through filter bed (removes leaves and large objects)
Sterilise water (with chlorine/ ozone/ UV light) to kill microbes

38
Q

2 disadvantages of reverse osmosis and distillation (methods of desalination)

A

Require large amounts of energy
Very Expensive

39
Q

Process for treating waste water e.g sewage/ agricultural waste/ industrial waste

A

Pass water through mesh (screening) to remove solids and grit
Sewage left in tanks (sedimentation) sediments sink to bottom (sludge) liquid stays on top (effluent)
Sludge anaerobically broken down by bacteria to produce biogas (used as fuel)
Bacteria aerobically feed on organic matter and harmful microorganisms in effluent
Water discharged back into rivers

40
Q

Sources of nitrogen and hydrogen for haber process

A

Nitrogen= air
Hydrogen= natural gas (methane)

41
Q

Haber process process

A

Nitrogen and hydrogen compressed then pass over iron catalyst in reaction vessel at 450 degrees and 200atm
Some hydrogen and nitrogen reacts to produce ammonia
Ammonia cooled, unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen returns to reaction vessel

42
Q

Reasons for conditions of haber process

A

Forward reaction is exothermic
So Temperature cool enough to favour forward reaction but high enough to increase rate of reaction (compromised temperature)
Catalyst increases rate of reaction
High pressure to favour forward reaction but not too high so that it’s expensive or dangerous

43
Q

Reasons for conditions of haber process

A

Forward reaction is exothermic
So Temperature cool enough to favour forward reaction but high enough to increase rate of reaction (compromised temperature)
Catalyst increases rate of reaction
High pressure to favour forward reaction but not too high so that it’s expensive or dangerous

GCSE Chemistry (18 decks)

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