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Organic Chemistry 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What determines how hydrocarbons react

A

Functional group (e.g double c bond in alkenes)

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2
Q

Functional group determines…

A

How hydrocarbons react

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3
Q

Functional group of alkene

A

Double c bond

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4
Q

All members of the same homologous series have the same…

A

Functional group

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5
Q

Which type of combustion do alkenes undergo

A

Incomplete

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6
Q

Alkenes burn in air with a…flame

A

Smoky

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7
Q

Alkenes…in air with a smoky flame

A

Burn

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8
Q

Process of alkene reacting with hydrogen is called..

A

Hydrogenation

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9
Q

2 Conditions needed for hydrogenation (alkene reacting with hydrogen)

A

150 degrees Celsius
Nickel Catalyst

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10
Q

A hydrogenation reaction (alkene reacting with hydrogen) needs a temperature of…and a…catalyst

A

150 degrees Celsius
Nickel catalyst

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11
Q

Hydrogenation is where an alkene reacts with….at 150 degrees Celsius and the presence of a nickel catalyst

A

Hydrogen

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12
Q

Hydrogenation (alkene reacting with hydrogen) forms an…

A

Alkane

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13
Q

Process of alkene reacting with water (steam) is called…

A

Hydration

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14
Q

Alkene reacting with water (steam) forms..

A

Alcohol

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15
Q

Hydration is where…reacts with…to form…

A

Alkene
Water (steam)
Alcohol

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16
Q

Hydration vs hydrogenation

A

Hydration: water (steam) reacts with alkene to form alcohol
Hydrogenation: hydrogen reacts with Alkene to form alkane

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17
Q

3 conditions needed for hydration (water (steam) reacting with alkene) are… and …

A

300 degrees
70 atm (pressure)
Catalyst- phosphoric acid

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18
Q

Alkene reacting with water (hydration) forms an alcohol and needs a temperature of…and pressure of..and ….catalyst

A

300 degrees
70atm
Phosphoric acid

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19
Q

Alkenes react quite…with halogens

A

Rapidly

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20
Q

3 uses of alcohols are alcoholic drinks…and …

A

Fuels
Solvents

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21
Q

Alcohol functional group

A

OH

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22
Q

2 ways to produce ethanol

A

Hydration: ethene (alkene) + water (steam) forms ethanol (alcohol)
Fermentation: yeast added to glucose solution produces ethanol solution and carbon dioxide

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23
Q

Name for process where glucose produces ethanol and carbon dioxide

A

Fermentation

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24
Q

3 conditions needed for fermentation

A

Yeast (added to glucose solution)
Warm (30 degrees)
Sealed container (anaerobic)

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25
Q

1 advantage of hydration method to obtain ethanol

A

High yield

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26
Q

2 advantages of fermentation method to obtain ethanol

A

Low temperature (little energy required)
Glucose comes from plants so comes from renewable resource

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27
Q

2 disadvantages of hydration method to obtain alcohol

A

High temperature so lots of high energy required
Alkene comes from crude oil which is a non renewable resource

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28
Q

1 disadvantage of fermentation method to obtain ethanol

A

Ethanol product is in aqueous solution so requires energy to be purified by distillation

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29
Q

Alcohols are…in water

A

Soluble

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30
Q

Alcohols form…solutions

A

Neutral

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31
Q

As the number of carbon atoms in alcohols increases its…decreases

A

Solubility (becomes less soluble in water)

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32
Q

As the number of…in alcohols increases it becomes less soluble in water

A

Carbon atoms

33
Q

What can be observed during reaction of alcohol with sodium

A

Bubbles
As hydrogen gas is given off

34
Q

Alcohol reacts with sodium to form…and…

A

Sodium meth/eth/prop/but oxide
Hydrogen

35
Q

One key example of oxidising agent (e.g when alcohols react with oxidising agent)

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

36
Q

Acidified potassium dichromate is a good example of a..

A

Oxidising agent

37
Q

Acidified…is a key example of an oxidising agent

A

Potassium Dichromate

38
Q

Alcohols react with oxidising agents to form…and water

A

Carboxylic acid

39
Q

Functional group of Carboxylic acid

40
Q

In water, Carboxylic acids are…acids

41
Q

In…Carboxylic acids are weak acids

42
Q

Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form..and…

A

Esters
Water

43
Q

Must know this name! Ethanoic acid react with ethanol to form the ester…

A

Ethyl ethanoate

44
Q

True or false, the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol to form an ester (ethyl ehanoate) + water is reversible

45
Q

Amino acids have…different functional groups

46
Q

2 different functional groups for amino acids are… and..

A

Amine group
Carboxylic acid group

47
Q

Polypeptide meaning

A

Polymer made from only one type of amino acid

48
Q

Name for polymer made up of different types of amino acid

49
Q

Name for polymer made up of only one type of amino acid

A

Polypeptide

50
Q

Protein vs polypeptide

A

Polypeptide is a polymer made up of only one type of amino acid
Protein is a polymer made up of different types of amino acid

51
Q

Why can amino acids take part in condensation polymerisation

A

They have 2 different functional groups (amine group and Carboxylic acid group)

52
Q

DNA consists of 2 chains made from monomers called

A

Nucleotides

53
Q

Starch and cellulose are polymers of…

54
Q

Glucose makes up the polymer…and …

A

Starch
Cellulose

55
Q

Both…and…are polymers of glucose (but the glucose is arranged in slightly different ways)

A

Starch
Cellulose

56
Q

Crude oil is a …resource (non renewable)

57
Q

Crude oil contains a mixture of molecules called…

A

Hydrocarbons

58
Q

A hydrocarbon is a… made up of only …and…atoms

A

Molecule
Carbon
Hydrogen

(This is the hydrocarbon definition)

59
Q

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated molecules

A

Saturated
(Alkenes are unsaturated)

60
Q

As hydrocarbon molecules get bigger they become…viscous

61
Q

As hydrocarbon molecules get bigger they become…viscous

62
Q

High viscosity carbons mean they flow…

A

Very Slowly

63
Q

Flammability tells us how easily a hydrocarbon…

A

Combusts (burn)

64
Q

The bigger the hydrocarbon molecule gets, the…flammable it is

65
Q

The bigger the hydrocarbon molecule gets, the….it’s boiling point

66
Q

Methane/ ethane/ propane/ butane are all…at room temperature because they have boiling points lower than room temperature

67
Q

Hydrocarbon fuels release…when burned

68
Q

Combustion is another word for…

69
Q

During combustion of hydrocarbon why are the hydrogen and carbon atoms oxidised

A

They react with oxygen

70
Q

What are fractions

A

What the crude oil is separated into during fractional distillation- in each fraction the hydrocarbons have a similar number of carbon atoms to each other

71
Q

Is the fractionating column hotter at the top or bottom

A

Hot at bottom
Cool at top

72
Q

Fractions contain hydrocarbons with a similar number of…

A

Carbon atoms

73
Q

Feedstock meaning

A

Chemical used to make other chemicals

74
Q

True or false, cracking of alkanes can produce both alkanes and Alkenes

75
Q

Catalytic cracking uses high…and a catalyst

A

Temperature

76
Q

Steam cracking uses high…and steam

A

Temperature

77
Q

Which is more reactive out of alkanes and Alkenes

78
Q

To test for Alkenes we use orange bromine water and shake the Alkene with bromine water. If Alkenes are present the bromine water turns..

A

Colourless

79
Q

Alcohols react with sodium to form…..oxide + hydrogen

A

Meth/eth/prop/but

GCSE Chemistry (18 decks)

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