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A level Geography - Physical > Resource Security > Flashcards

Resource Security Flashcards

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1
Q

Define resource security

A

The ability of a country to safeguard reliable and sustainable access of resources to maintain the living standards of the population

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2
Q

What is a resource

A

A resource is that which carries value and is made use of by people

It can be both a tangible item (coal) and an abstract quality (engineering skill)

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3
Q

Give the criteria for something to become a resource

A
  • Recognised of being of value
  • Exploitable/obtainable
  • Within the physical, economic and ethical reach of people
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4
Q

Give the two types of resource

A

Stock

Flow

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5
Q

What is a stock resource

A

Can be permanently expended and are therefore non-renewable, and whose quantity is usually expressed in absolute amounts rather than in rates. (Coal, oil etc.)

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6
Q

What is a flow resource

A

A natural resource that is simultaneously used and replaced, which includes all perpetual resources and renewable resources. (Solar, wind, tidal etc)

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7
Q

Why is it considered necessary to classify a resource

A

So you know the full risks and implications of it before extracting or utilising it - enables decision making

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8
Q

In the UN Framework Classification (UNFC) explain the difference between a ‘111’ and a ‘333’

A

111 = Most feasible, most viable and most knowledge about wether that resource exists in the designated area or not.

333 = opposite

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9
Q

What is the difference between a reserve and a resource

A

Reserve = those parts of the ‘resources’ that can be economically, technically and legally extracted

Resource = an estimate of the quantity of all deposits of a valued mineral or energy source (including those that are undiscovered and unviable)

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10
Q

Other than reserves, in a McKlevely box, what other factors are included

A

Conditional resources

Hypothetical resources

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11
Q

Give the life cycle of a stock resource (6)

A

Demand

Exploration

Exploitation

Development

Depletion

Exhaustion

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12
Q

What is demand

A

A recognised use and viable need for resource arriving

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13
Q

What is exploration

A

Searching for and locating economic quantities

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14
Q

What is exploitation

A

Extracting and transporting the source

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15
Q

What is development

A

Integrating support infrastructure and maximising production efficiency

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16
Q

What is depletion

A

Declining returns as extraction costs increase with declining yields

17
Q

What is exhaustion

A

Further extraction is no longer viable or stocks are fully depleted

18
Q

What is a resource frontier

A

A peripheral environment (on the edge) that attracts the latest exploration and subsequent development of resources

Or an area where resources are brought into production for the first time

19
Q

Why might oil extraction in the Arctic increase or decrease over time

A

Increase - more accessible in 30 years time, ironically because of global warming

Decrease - people will be more conscious of the effects and dangers posed by global warming

20
Q

Give the pros for Shell’s decision to pull out of the Arctic

A
  • Environmentalists were ecstatic with the announcement
  • They contend the risks of a major oil spill in the Arctic as being too great to allow Arctic offshore drilling
  • It would add to climate warming and further delays in a transition away from fossil fuels
21
Q

Give the cons of SHell’s decision to pull out of the Arctic

A
  • Disappointing to shareholders and potentially devastating to Alaska
  • The company must find another source to fill the 800-mile trans-Alaska pipeline and solve its economic woes
  • Declining oil production and low prices have left Alaska with a billion-dollar budget gap
  • Loss of jobs would be one of the biggest immediate effects in the state
22
Q

What is a resource peak

A

The phase of maximum production from a resource deposit before depletion exceeds new discoveries

23
Q

Give the largest producer of fossil fuel liquids in the world

A

US

223 billion barrels of recoverable shale oil and gas deposits

24
Q

Human………and advancements in……………will be able to exploit oil that was previously…………….

(Fracking)

A

Innovation
Technology
Unaccessible

25
Q

For every 1 barrel of oil found…barrels are consumed

A

3

26
Q

Describe the graph shape of North Sea oil production

A

M shape

27
Q

When is it suggested that peak oil will occur

A

Hard to determine as a large part depends on the fluctuating market price

Generally estimated at around 2030

28
Q

What factors determine when a resource peaks

A
  • Quantity of resource
  • Demand
  • Economically viable
  • Goverment policy (promoting renewable materials)
  • Price (oil price regulates demand)
  • New discoveries
29
Q

Resource use is rising in tandem with……

A

GDP

NOT population growth

30
Q

Define sustainable resource development

A

The degree to which meeting the economic social and environmental resource needs of today, do not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their future needs

31
Q

Can the rate of depletion vary

A

YES

Depletion curves

32
Q

What causes a high peaked and narrow resource depletion curve

A

Extract, process, use and discard

With few new discoveries scarcities drives prices up. Demand falls and production drops

33
Q

What causes a medium peaked and slightly wider resource depletion curve

A

Resource exploited more efficiently to expand economic life.

Demand peak extended as high prices stimulate new resource discoveries

34
Q

What causes a low peaked and sustained/prolonged resource depletion curve

A

Rate of supply supplemented by reuse, recycling and more efficient use of resource

Market reliance extended by lack of economic substitutes/alternatives

35
Q

Why does HEP contribute less than 2% of the UK’s electricity needs compared to Norway’s 95%

A

Larger population - harder to resettle

  • Focuses more on wind and solar as UK = windiest place in Europe
  • Higher energy need
  • Norway is far more mountainous (ideal for HEP )
36
Q

How sustainble is HEP

A

Disrupts the natural ecology of rivers

Damages forest and biodiversity

Releases large quantities of CO2 when building

Concrete is the 4th largest producer of co2

Disrupts food systems and water quality (agriculture)

37
Q

The UK’s renewable energy has……..between 2014-2020 from (…% to …%)

A

Doubled

17
35

38
Q

Give the 7 procedures involved with an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

A

RESEARCH - requires an understanding of the project and the range of views it generates

COLLECT BASELINE DATA - describing the original condition of the site

DESCRIBE PROJECT - time frame, scale, environmental impact

DRAW IMPACT MATRIX

OVERVIEW - identify alternatives and propose modifications

ANNALYSE OPTIONS - May be ways to reduce environmental impact (nature conservation strategies etc)

DRAFT - list short and long term effects of the project + list alternatives

A level Geography - Physical (19 decks)

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