Resource reliance

Question 1

Factors leading to demand outstripping supply of food:

Answer 1

• Population growth (more people needing to be fed)
• Climate change (increase droughts and irregular rainfall patterns mean less agricultural yield of food so food shortages)

Question 2

Factors leading to demand outstripping supply of energy:

Answer 2

Industrialisation - EDCs have developed by industrialising. By introducing more factories, more energy is being used from fossil fuels which is a finite resource.
Increasing pop. - more people = more homes = more demand for energy for electricity etc.

Question 3

Factors leading to demand outstripping supply of water?

Answer 3

• Increasing pop. (can result in water stress)
• Climate change - areas may have less average annual rainfall so supply of water = lower.

Question 4

State and describe three ways in which environments and ecosystems are used by humans:

Answer 4

• Commercial fishing - over 1B people rely on fish as their main source of food. C.F has become an increasingly mechanised commercial activity and results in less biodiversity and also pollution form emission of GHG to transport fishes from diff places to places.
• Deforestation - caused by agriculture, mining and urbanisation. Trees cut for land, less trees so society is less carbon neutral. More emissions of GHG - it also interrupts the water cycle of rainforests such as the Amazon rainforest.
• Mining - used to extract fossil fuel, coal, used to provide energy. Occurs typically in Australia. Huge holes are cast into the ground and explosives are used loosen the layers of coal for extraction. This process releases harmful chemicals such as mercury and this damages ecosystems in rivers.
• Water transfer schemes - taking water from an area of water surplus, to water stress. This may unintentionally cause the transfer of non-native species to diff places disrupting ecosystems and biodiversity.

Question 5

What is meant by food security?

Answer 5

The measure of someone’s access to safe and nutritious food.

Question 6

2 Human factors which affect food security:

Answer 6

• Population growth
• Climate change (EGHE)

Question 7

2 Physical factors which affect food security

Answer 7

• Climate change
• Disease (which may kill of cattle)
• Location - landlocked locations may get less food from trade

Question 8

Food security case studies:

Answer 8

• LOCAL - Tanzania Goat Aid
• PAST N SCALE - Tanzania Wheat Project
• PRESENT NATIONAL SCALE - Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor Of Tanzania (SAGCOT)

Question 9

Explore the environmental, economic and social sustainability of attempts to achieve food security, in relation to:

• food production, such as organic methods and intensive farming
• technological developments, such as GM crops and hydroponics
• small scale ‘bottom up’ approaches, such as urban gardens and permaculture.

Question 10

Ethical consumerism eg fair trade goods sustainability:

Answer 10

SOC - Fair trade producers are paid a social premium which can be used to improve water supply, infrastructure and education for producer’s childrens.
ENV - Fairtrade producers as part of it are required to produce crops using less fertilisers and pesticides so less are washed into rivers.
ECO - Fair trade producers receive pay for producing fair trade good which increases their income.

Question 11

Food production sustainability eg intensive farming:

Answer 11

It involves inputting large amounts of money, fertilisers, and pesticides onto land to produce a large supply of food.

SOC - Mechanisation means less jobs for farmers (neg, and talk abt consequences) - but also farmers involved receive high pay from vast yield of food sold so positive bc they can spend on education for kids

ECON - ^^High pay

ENV - fertilisers and chemicals washed into seas affecting biodiversity + damages habitats. But cld contrast and say focuses on smaller area so amount of damaged habitats is less.