resource management Flashcards
resource management
a resource is something people use and rely on with a value; most common ones being food, water and energy. Adequate supply is essential for countries to develop
distribution of food
- In HICs less than 25% of the population is malnourished
- Average caloric consumption is 3,200Kcal a day in the UK
- over 1 billion people in LICs such as Niger consume less than 1800kcals which is well below the recommended amount by the WHO
global distribution of water
- 75% of the UK’s water is used in industry
- Desert areas and NEEs are in water scarcity
- Niger uses 82% of its water for agriculture- water scarcity
global distribution of energy
- UK consumption is between 75 and 149 british thermal units (quite high)
- China’s energy consumption between 2003 and 2011 increased by 53%
- World’s richest 1 billion use 50% of the worlds energy and poorest 1 billion use 4%
sources of water in the UK
aprox
1/3 from ground water
2/3 from reservoirs
rivers make a very small amount
why is demand for water increases
more appliances- due to an increasing population
more houses- due to an increasing population
grey water
waste water from peoples homes
supply
the amount of water available to be provided
water surplus
when supply exceeds demand
demand
how much water we want to use
water stress
when annual demand is more than 80% of the available supply
water defecit
when demand exceeds supply
use of water within the households
50% of the water used in houses are used for bathing and toilet flushing (12% for showering)
47% of water in the UK is used for households
21% of water is lost to leakages
strategies to combat water stress
Thirlmere water transfer scheme
- lake district to manchester (support industry growth)
- Ennerdale is cumbria’s main source of water
- the scheme would transfer water along 2x30km pipelines
main causes of water pollution in the UK
Agriculture
Urban water pollution
Industrial pollution
how does agriculture lead to water pollution
- 1l milk= 40l of sewage - grows algae too much O2
- chemicals such as fertiliser are highly toxic (NH4)
how does Urban water pollution lead to water pollution
- e.g washing machine, paved street, roads
- new draining pipe by river Langan reduced pollution by 85%
how does industry lead to water pollution
- when last of collieries closed lots of mine water was released
- Coal authorities new treatment facilities treats 120l of mine water a second preventing 72 tonnes of mine water from reaching rivers
What is the overall water quality of the UK
even though water quality in the UK is among the best in the world in 2020 none of the rivers in the UK were pollutant free
The water industry act 1991 requires water to be monitored by local authorities
indicators of water quality
- dissolved O2
- acidity
- temperature
- salinity
- nutrients (nitrogen or phosphorus)
- insecticide/ herbicide + metals
What is the purpose of Kielder Water reservoir
The reservoir holds over 100,000 hectares of water and supplies water of almost the entire NE region (3 million people) which used to be an area of water insecurity
Advantages of Kielder Water
- 20,000 MWh of hydroelectric power a year from the dam
- Reduced flood risk to the area
- is a sight leisure opportunities
- Regulates North tyne
Disadvantages of Kielder Water
- 58 families, several farmers and1100 hectares of habitat displaced
- Higher risk of contamination between different drainage basins
- Locals see it as a waste of money
Food miles
distance in kilometres from farm to supermarket