Resolving Conflict

Question 1

Violence

Answer 1

A category in between peaceful disputing, and major planned warfare and fighting

Question 2

2 Views of Violence

Answer 2

1. Violence is innate
2. Violence is a cultural construct

Question 3

Peace

Answer 3

Is an active social process that need to be imagined and acted upon

Question 4

Protecting Resources

Answer 4

Collective violence is deemed necessary if you have important resources to protect (ex. Yanomamo in Venezuela- See women and children as valuable resources and fiercely protect them)

Question 5

Religious or Political Justification

Answer 5

• Cosmic struggle between good and evil
• Religious rhetoric used to justify violence (many religions take part in it)

Question 6

Sharing and Cooperation

Answer 6

Peaceful societies are not involved in internal collective violence and value non-aggressive behaviours (ex. Ju/’hoansi share the meat of any animal killed)

Question 7

Collective Ceremony

Answer 7

Ju/’hoansi use the ‘trance dance’ to heal the community. It maintains group harmony and unites community members

Question 8

Thomas Hobbles

Answer 8

• 17th century philosopher
• Believed societies needed a centralized authority to control violence

Question 9

3 major changes that occurred from contact with Western Culture:

Answer 9

Noted by Brian Ferguson
1. Presence of outpost settlements for government
agents, missionaries, and researchers
2. Competition for western manufactured goods
3. Breakdown of social relations as a result of epidemics and the depletion of resources like game

Question 10

Links Between Sexism and Violence

Answer 10

1. Men are the ones that make war
2. Cross-cultural link between patriarchy and violence

Question 11

Using Violence to create Nation-States

Answer 11

It is to remove or kill citizens that do not conform to their ideals (ex. Canadian residential schools)

Question 12

Pierre van den Berghe

Answer 12

Believes that nation-states are nothing more than a blueprint for ethnocide and genocide

Question 13

Ethnocide

Answer 13

An attempt to destroy the culture of a people

Question 14

Genocide

Answer 14

An attempt to exterminate a people

Question 15

Carol Nagengast

Answer 15

Looked into the use of killing, torture, rape, and homosexual assault to draw boundaries for the nation-state

Question 16

Refugees

Answer 16

People forced to flee their home country and seek protection elsewhere due to warfare, forced expulsion, acts of terrorism, and more

Question 17

Diaspora

Answer 17

A population of people dispersed and living practices outside their homland

Question 18

Assumptions about People who Justify Nuclear weapons

Answer 18

1. Claim that anarchy characterizes international relations
2. Assume states must rely on self help
3. Assume nuclear weapons are the ultimate form of self-help
4. Assume little can be done short-term to change the anarchist nature of the international system

Question 19

Assumptions made about Nuclear Weapons Scientists

Answer 19

1. Argue that international relations are not as anarchist as they are made
   out to be
2. “Objective social madness”

Question 20

Technostrategic Language

Answer 20

Strategic language and thinking used by defense intellectuals imbued with modes of thinking associated with technology

Question 21

Risks of Anthropological Fieldwork

Answer 21

Injury, illness, or hostile reactions

Question 22

Montgomery McFate

Answer 22

Claimed that there was a ‘cultural gap’ in our understanding of the conflict in Iraq (Also created “Office for Operational Cultural knowledge”)

Question 23

Human Terrain System (HTS)

Answer 23

• Criticized by the American Anthropological Association and other anthropologists
• Claimed it was unethical and had many pitfalls
• Information gathered from the HTS would be used for military purposes