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ANTH-111 > Progress and Development > Flashcards

Progress and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Progress

A

The idea that human history is the steady advance from a life dependent on the nature to a life of control and domination over nature

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2
Q

Unilinear Cultural Evolution

A

Idea that all societies go through the same series of standardized stages and that all humans are on the same trajectory of development

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3
Q

Culture Change

A

The change in meaning that people ascribe to experiences and changes in their way of life

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4
Q

Barrel Model

A

Designed by Harald Pins
Superstructure-> Social Structure-> Infrastructure-> Environment

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5
Q

Different Types of Societies

A
  • Foragers
  • Horticulturalists
  • State Societies
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6
Q

Foragers

A
  • Egalitarian
  • less than 100 people
  • Mobile
  • High yield> labour
  • Achieved status
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7
Q

Achieved Status

A

A form of status this is earned. An identity that is believed to be in flux and that is dependent upon the actions and achievements of an individual

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8
Q

Horticulturists

A
  • Slash and Burn or swidden agriculture
  • Livestock herding
  • High yield>Labour
  • Sedentary
  • 200-2000 people
  • Had a leader or chief (ascribed status)
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9
Q

Slash and Burn or Swidden Agriculture

A

Act of clearing forests by burning and bushes and then planting crops among the ashes leftover. The land used is rotated so the previous plot will have time to recover

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10
Q

Sedentary

A

Stayed in one place with permanent or semi-permanent houses

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11
Q

Ascribed Status

A

A form of status that is hereditary or given at birth. An identity that is perceived as fixed and unchanging because a person is born with it

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12
Q

Clan

A

Groups of people who claim descent from a common ancestor

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13
Q

State societies

A
  • Agriculturists
  • 1000’s of people
  • Irrigation agriculture
  • Low yield<labour
  • Organized leadership
  • Specialized occupations
  • Increased trade
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14
Q

Irrigation Agriculture

A

Form of cultivation in which water is used to deliver nutrients to the plants

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15
Q

Specialized Occupations

A

Where people could become an expert of a particular thing

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16
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Focused on physical and bodily changes over time (Anthropologists misappropriated Darwin’s ideas)

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17
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

Focused on interpreting human societies

18
Q

Lewis Henry Morgan

A

Created a system to classify different stages of culturalism
Savagery>Barbarism>Civilization

19
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The shift in production from agriculture to industrial goods, urbanization, and the factory system

20
Q

Leslie White

A

Used the idea of energy and technology to explain cultural evolution

21
Q

Population Density

A

The number of people within a given geographic area

22
Q

Mark Cohen

A

Argues that people abandoned foraging because they were running low on food in their geographic area

23
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The number of people a given area of land can provide for before environmental degradation starts to occur

24
Q

Robert L. Carneiro

A

He noticed that with a growing population, changes in social organization follow

25
Q

Jared Diamond

A

Believed that the transition to agriculture was a catastrophe that we never recovered from

26
Q

“Putting Out” System

A

Merchants provide materials and tools and for workers to produce products in their homes

27
Q

Factory System

A

Brought workers into one place to create products

28
Q

Effects of the expansion of the textile industry

A
  • Fueled the growth of cities
  • spurred technological development
  • Increased wealth
  • Created jobs
  • Status of women
  • Competition
  • Slavery
29
Q

Economic Development

A

Increase in technology and the standard of living for a population

30
Q

World Bank

A

A lending institution for nations and their economic development

31
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

To regulate currency transactions between countries. (makes some countries more powerful and some less)

32
Q

Biomedical Model

A

The idea that by combining biological knowledge with diagnosis and treatment of illness, we can repair the body

33
Q

How someone dies from an infectious disease

A
  1. Contact with a pathogen or a vector
  2. pathogen must be virulent
  3. Pathogen must evade our immune system
  4. Pathogen must also evade any measures that one medical system has put in place to rid us of the disease
34
Q

Pathogen

A

Infectious agent like bacteria

35
Q

Vector

A

An organism like a mosquito that can transmit disease to another

36
Q

Economic Inequality

A

Peoples social and cultural situations reflect what treatment they can recieve

37
Q

Biomedicine

A

Disease comes from bacteria or viruses, from biochemical processes, or physiological disorders

38
Q

Interpersonal Theory of Disease

A

Tension or conflict within their social relations are what causes disease

39
Q

Personalistic

A

Disease resulting from aggressive or purposeful supernatural acts

40
Q

Naturalistic

A

Disease is a result of natural forces and an upset in the balance of body elements

41
Q

Transformative Healing

A

Long-term healing that takes place over time, but doesn’t necessarily cure any specific illness

42
Q

Restorative Healing

A

Healing that cures you of an illness

ANTH-111 (13 decks)

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