Fieldwork

Question 1

Methodology

Answer 1

An approach to systematically learning about something

Question 2

Ethnographic Fieldwork

Answer 2

A research method in which sociocultural anthropologists have intensive, long-term engagements with a group of people

Question 3

Participant Observation

Answer 3

The participation and observation of daily tasks within a particular group

Question 4

Quantitative Research

Answer 4

The collection, organisation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical or statistical data, like with surveys , censuses , or close-ended questionnaires.
- produces large data sets
-data is distinct and less up for interpretations

Question 5

Qualitative Research

Answer 5

Generation, organization, analysis, + interpretation of non-numerical data, such as words, images, observations, and sounds.
- important to have a good relationship or good rapport with the people you’re working with

Question 6

Rapport

Answer 6

A feeling of affinity, friendship, and responsibility between an anthropologist and an informant

Question 7

Informal

Answer 7

Spontaneous and free-range, but they are recorded with permission from the participant

Question 8

Formal

Answer 8

Scheduled with predetermined topics. Also recorded with permission from the participant

Question 9

Polyvocal Research

Answer 9

Hearing diverse voices by interviewing various different categories of people to get diverse perspectives

Question 10

Emic

Answer 10

Insiders perspective

Question 11

Etic

Answer 11

Outsiders perspective

Question 12

Representation

Answer 12

The way in which a group of people is depicted in writing or through images

Question 13

Various Aspects of Fieldwork

Answer 13

• research question and ethics approval
• Long-term engagement
• Developing rapport
• Participant Observation
• Interviews
• Polyvocal research
• Published work
• Representation
• Etc.

Question 14

Charles Darwin

Answer 14

Focused on 2 things:
- Principles of classification
- Intro of historicism

Question 15

Colonialism

Answer 15

The practice of gaining partial or full political control over a country while exploiting it economically and filling it with settlers and claiming the space as their own

Question 16

First Official Anthropologist

Answer 16

Edward Tyler (1883)

Question 17

Armchair Anthropology

Answer 17

When anthropologists did not visit the people or cultures they were studying themselves but read journals and reports instead (Reports are biased)

Question 18

Franz Boas + Bronislaw Malinowski

Answer 18

• Saw anthropology differently from Tyler
• Focused on long-term immersive fieldwork + participant observation
• Use both emic and etic perspectives

Question 19

Ethnography

Answer 19

Written description and analysis of a particular group of people

Question 20

Bronislaw Malinowski

Answer 20

Father of social anthropology

Question 21

Salvage Anthropology

Answer 21

An approach to anthropology from the late 1800s where anthropologists witnessed the extinction or assimilation of indigenous peoples throughout the world, so they tried to rapidly document these cultures before they disappeared

Question 22

Margaret Bruchac

Answer 22

Found that salvage anthropology had negative results (ex. negative translation, cultural biases of interpretations, etc)

Question 23

Changes in Anthropology

Answer 23

• Anthropologists now study both inside and outside North America
• Evolving sense of community
• Museums have gained popularity

Question 24

Positionality

Answer 24

How your own social position and power can shape your identity

Question 25

Privilege

Answer 25

The advantage someone has over another

Question 26

Reflexivity

Answer 26

The act of reflecting on our positionality. Critically reflecting on the way one thinks and one’s own experiences

Question 27

Culture Shock

Answer 27

The feeling of disorientation in the initial stages of fieldwork when someone is adjusting to a new language, beliefs, food, or even climate

Question 28

Challenges of Ethics and Fieldworks

Answer 28

• Anthropology always effects the people they study
• They develop relationships with the communities we study

Question 29

Informed Consent

Answer 29

Ongoing process of ensuring that research participants fully understand the goals, methods, and potential outcomes of the research bring done and that they give permission to the researcher to do such research

Question 30

Essentialism

Answer 30

The act of creating generalizations, stereotypes, or homogenous interpretations about the behaviour or culture of a group of people