Resistance from the youth Flashcards
What were the 3 ways in which the youth showed resistance
Jazz/ swing groups
Edelweiss pirates
White rose movement
What class typically made up the swing youth
Middle class teenagers
Why did swing groups come around
People were fans of american music and pop culture
What did swing groups do
Organised illegal dances
What did the jazz youth do
Created illegal clubs
How did the Nazis react to jazz and swing groups
Believed they were links to heavy drinking, sexual intercourse an high energy dancing and the members lacked true German patriotism
When was there a ban on public dances
1940
How did the nazis describe the jazz and swing groups
Long hair ‘down to the collar’ that engaged in energetic dancing
When did the swing and jazz resistance mainly occur
Late 30s
How were resources for illegal clubs easily purchased
They had their middle class influence
What was the aim of the youth and jazz groups
Have a more liberal culture and they had a desire to just have a good time
Who did the Edelweiss pirates consist of
12 to 18 year old boys
How were Edelweiss pirates identifiable
Longer hair than normal and their distinctive clothing e.g. flower and badge
When did resistance begin from the Edelweiss pirates
Late 30s
How did the Edelweiss pirates resist pre war
Long hikes, camping trips during the war, musical parodies of Hitler youth songs, dirty jokes about Hitler youth
How did the Edelweiss pirates resist during the war
Allied leaflets, fights with the Hitler youth, anti Hitler graffiti, protected German deserters and teamed up with communists
What was the initial reaction to the pirates
The gestapo thought they were just engaging in under age group sexual activities but the police viewed their acts as childish pranks
When did the gestapo begin to crackdown on the pirates
December 1942
When were the pirates arrested
7th December 1942
How many pirates were arrested on 7th December 1942
739
Where did the 739 pirates sent when arrested
Re education camps
When was the decree on combating youth gangs
October 1944
When were the leaders of the pirates publicly hung
November 1944
Why were the leaders of the pirates publicly hung
They killed the gestapo leader
Where was the white rose movement based
University of Munich
How did the white rose movement act
They were non violent, left anonymous anti-Nazi leaflets and graffiti campaigns
When did the white rose movement run
June 1942- February 1943
Why did the white rose movement stop
They leaders were arrested and then either killed or imprisoned
Who were some leaders of the white rose movement
Students: Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, Alexander Schmorell, Willi Graf, Christoph Probst
Staff: Kurt Huber (Professor of Philosophy and Musicology)
What did the white rose movement want
Resistance, highlighted Nazi crimes and acts of oppression denounced persecution/mass-murder of Jews (declared it was wrong)
What was the oster conspiracy
Plan to replace Hitler
Who did the oster conspiracy have general support from
Elites
What was an issue with the oster conspiracy
Foreign policy concerns
When did the oster conspiracy come to a head
Autumn 1938
Who expressed doubts for the oster conspiracy
Blomberg and Fritsch, unprepared for war
When were invasion plans set out for the oster conspiracy
September 1938
Who communicated with allies to remove Hitler in the oster conspiracy
Head of the army, General Beck
Why was there no war with Hitler
Allies negotiated with Hitler
