Resistance Exercise Flashcards
What is the basic definition of resistance exercise?
Any exercise that causes the muscle to contract against an external resistance
What are the three types of muscular contraction?
Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric
Explain the supercompensation model
Exercise causes fatigue/damage, leading to decreased performace, but recovery brings it back to the normal state and then ‘supercompensates’ for a brief period. If no stimulus in time, then ‘involution’ happens where performance slowly decreases back to the level before exercise
Explain the muscular Cross Bridge Cycle.
-Hydrolysis of ATP causes Myosin head to cock
-Myosin head attaches to binding site on actin
Release of Phosphate causes power stroke
Release of ADP and new ATP binds, breaking the cross bridge
What kind of relationship is there between muscular cross sectional area and strength?
Linear
What are muscles made of, at increasingly smaller levels of organisation?
- Muscle
- Fascicle
- Muscle Cell
- Myofibril
- Myofilament
What is myofibril splitting?
When myofibrils get big enough from hypertrophy that they split into two distinct smaller myofibrils
When does muscular hyperplasia take place?
first 24 weeks of gestation in humans
What are the neural adaptations to resistance training?
- Motor unit recruitment pattern efficiency
- Number of fibres per motor unit
- Frequency of action potential firing
Does fibre type change with training?
No but the relative fibre area of each type changes (e.g. type IIa increase in area much more than type I)
What is a satellite cell?
Quiescent precursor to skeletal muscle cells. They regulate the muscle environment during growth. With anabolic stimulus they activate, proliferate and differentiate
What load is more effective for high/low loads?
- High more effective for strength
- Low more effective for hypertrophy
What is total training volume?
Loadrepssets
What is the concept of specifity of training?
You get better at what you train
