Resilience to Adversity

Question 1

what is a traumatic event

Answer 1

DSM 5 criteria:

exposure to actual / threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence

Question 2

what is resilience according to bonanno

Answer 2

an outcome pattern characterised by a stable trajectory of healthy functioning after adversity

Question 3

what is resilience according to tugade and fredrickson

Answer 3

the ability to bounce back from negative life situations

Question 4

what is adversity

Answer 4

negative / severely stressful major life events that impact quality of life (divorce, job loss)

Question 5

what are the 2 ways in which resilience is measured

Answer 5

resilience questionnaires
-measured like traits

resilience trajectory
-measured after event

Question 6

how was resilience viewed historically

Answer 6

a rare occurrence

bonanno - absent grief is a rare and pathological reaction

Question 7

what did bonanno et al find regarding resilience prevalence in bereavement after spousal loss

Answer 7

resilient people had low pre-loss depression and no significant change at 6 and 18 months after loss

resilient people still affected by bereavement

Question 8

what did mancini et al find regarding the latent growth mixture modelling to measure resilience

Answer 8

investigated how resilient people are after spousal loss or divorce

used LGMM which identifies sub-populations in the data

allows examination of different outcome trajectories for each sub-group

Question 9

what did mancini find regarding resilience prevalence in spousal loss

Answer 9

a 4 class solution was the best fit to data according to LGMM

Question 10

what did mancini find regarding resilience prevalence in divorce

Answer 10

a 3 class solution was the best fit to data according to LGMM

Question 11

summarise bonanno’s research

Answer 11

resilience is not rare

most people show a resilient outcome trajectory

Question 12

did norris et al find that resilience is a common trajectory

Answer 12

focus on the prevalence of resistance (stability in mild symptoms of PTSD)

and resilience (gradual decreasing in symptoms)

mexico:
resistance 34.5%
resilience 32%

usa:
resistance 40.1%
resilience 10.1%

Question 13

how prevalent is resilience

Answer 13

according to norris, not common outcome

according to bonanno, common outcome in US sample

Question 14

how common is resilience according to infurna and luthar

Answer 14

for spousal loss, recovery is the most prevalent trait

for divorce and unemployment results were similar

for divorce in only 2 subgroups recovery became more frequent

resilience rates dropped when model specifications changed in B & C

Question 15

how is resilience usually defined according to cosco et al

Answer 15

most of 36 studies defined resilience as the absence of distress or impairment, not the maintenance of wellbeing

data driven methods for trajectory identification are based on characteristics of the sample, may not generalise to other samples

Question 16

did luthar and infurna find that resilience is multidimensional

Answer 16

selected 5 domains of adjustment:

life satisfaction

positive emotions

negative emotions

general health

physical functioning in daily activities

resilience only the most common outcome for life satisfaction

Question 17

what did infurna and luthar find regarding the prevalence of multidimensional resilience

Answer 17

only 8% of the sample were classed as showing a resilient trajectory across all 5 domains of functioning