Intelligence Flashcards
what did sternberg and detterman find regarding common psychological definitions for intelligence
higher level abilities
valued by culture
executive processes
mental abilities necessary for adaption to any environmental context
how is intelligence measured
IQ test
what are deary & caryl’s 4 branches of IQ research
real life impact - achievements
cognitive - reaction times
biological - brain event potentials
structure of intelligence
what is the structure of intelligence branch
has a hierarchical structure
general intelligence split into learnt factors and biological potential
learnt includes spelling, writing and speech
biological splots into reading speed, piagetian reasoning, inductive reasoning
what is fluid intelligence (Gf)
focuses on process independent of content or prior knowledge
declines in later life (bugg et al)
what is crystal intelligence (Gc)
knowledge that increases over life time
how does Gf and Gc change over a lifetime
fluid intelligence peaks early in life and then declines
is IQ heritable
heritability accounts for between 48-80% of the variability in IQ scores
what is an issue with the heritability of IQ
assumes that fluid intelligence is fixed and crystallised intelligence is not
what is spearman’s hypothesis
racial IQ differences are genetic in origin
what are eysenck’s hereditarian views on race
highly controversial - IQ is heritable, but there is no significant genetic determination of racial differences in IQ
what is the flynn effect
generation rise in IQ by average of 10 percentage points
stronger in adults than children
highest in netherlands, below average in UK
what environmental changes produce large changes in IQ
social multipliers
averaging
gene-environment matching
what did rindermann et al find regarding social multipliers contributing to IQ increase
internet and access to info
gaming
TV
education
nutrition
rising standards of living
how does “gene environment matching” contribute to an IQ increase
people seek out environments that match their phenotype
therefore, environment increases genetic / biological ability
how does averaging contribute to an IQ increase
as individuals’ ability rises, this will influence those around them
therefore population average will increase
how does age change IQ
heritability increases with age
40% in childhood
60% in adulthood
80% in old age
how does socio-economic status change IQ
heritability high for high SES
h2 = 72%
low for low SES
h2 - 10%
environment = 60%
what may account for environmental effects on heritability of IQ
the age effect may represent a gene-environment correlation
high IQ people will seek high IQ contexts, and as they get older their intelligence will show
what did sauce and matzel find regarding heritability and malleability of intelligence
some traits are genetically-determined with low heritability (heritability of fingers being 0 as main predictors are environmental)
some traits are highly heritable but not genetically determined
what did mcdaniel find regarding brain volume and IQ
larger volume associated with higher IQ
what is the P-FIT theory by jung and haier
represents intelligence through 4 set processes in the brain
step 1 - sensory information taken in
step 2 - symbolic processing of info
step 3 - reasoning and decision making
step 4 - making a decision
what did chamorro-premuzic and furnham find regarding personality adding to IQ
conscientiousness explains an extra 27% of performance on uni exams
what are gardner’s 7 intelligences
logical-mathematical - scientist / mathematician
linguistic - poet / journalist
musical
spatial - navigator
bodily-kinesthetic - dancer
interpersonal - therapist
intrapersonal - accurate self-knowledge
what is the 8th intelligence added later by gardner
naturalistic intelligence - human perceptiveness of natural world
