Five Factor Models of Personality Flashcards
what traits make up personality according to the FFM AND the big 5
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
conscientiousness
agreeableness
what method does FFM and big 5 use
exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
what is exploratory factor analysis
a statistical approach to go from lots of individual item responses to shared dimensions based on shared variance
what domains did costa and mccrae find that the 5 factor model had
neuroticism:
anxiety, depression, impulsivity
extraversion:
warmth, assertiveness, excitement seeking
openness:
aesthetics, values, fantasy
agreeableness:
trust, altruism, modesty
conscientiousness:
competence, self-discipline, achievement striving
what domains did goldberg find that the big 5 had
emotional stability:
calm, at ease, not envious
extraversion:
extraverted, energetic, talkative
intellect:
intelligent, analytical, curious
agreeableness:
warm, kind, cooperative
conscientiousness:
organised, responsible, practical
what is factor loading
the extent to which items fit onto a latent factor
what are the structural differences between FFM and big 5
trait hierarchy (FFM)
no hierarchy (big 5)
different traits and facets (no neuroticism in big 5)
how are FFM and big 5 measured
ffm - questionnaire items
big 5 - adjectives (“agreeable”)
what are the differences in causality between the FFM and the big 5
ffm - traits cause behaviour
big 5 - no causal statement - they just represent natural language
what are the differences in origins between the FFM and big 5?
FFM
traits derived from biological process, stable over time and culture
big 5
we evolve a corpus of adjectives we use to describe our behaviour - analysis of this provides description of main domain personality
claim 1: five factors are present in both adjectives and questionnaire items
adjectives load on to 5 domains and the FFM facets onto their target 5 consistently across studies
what did bouchard and mcgue find regarding evidence for biological genetics in the FFM model
no shared environment effect on personality - it tends to be genetics and non-shared environment
what are genome-wide associations studies (GWAS)
examine the whole genome and look for associations with genes
any association found needs to be replicated and examined in targeted studies
what did terracciano et al find regarding evidence for FFM having a genetic basis
a number of genetic mutations associated with variations in personality
what is the evidence for neurological basis of personality
functional MRI show that brain activity on a task varies as a function of a trait
structural MRI show that traits are associated with brain regions associated with the behaviours linked to that trait
what did deyoung et al find regarding MRI of the FFM
mapped personality traits to behaviours and tried to match them to a specific brain region
did srivastava et al find that personality is stable over time
no - both men and women show reliable changes in personality traits as they age
did specht et al find that personality is stable over time
4 people, A, B, C, D, assessed on trait at 3 time points
systematic shifts but tend to stay relative compared to the population
what is gurven et al’s WEIRD problem
all cross-cultural FFM works on western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic people
however mostly male only / female only studies
what did gurven et al find with the tsimane
forager villages in bolivia - no evidence of FFM
what are the 3 critiques for the big 5 and FFM from block
problems using factor analysis to determine personality
adjectives selected to fit the model
if you select items or adjectives to reflect 5 factors, that’s what you’ll see
what is mccrae et al’s critique for the FFM
CFA models too restrictive in specification, items correlated due to self report
what is eysenck’s critique of FFM
agreeableness and conscientiousness better seen as facets of neuroticism and psychoticism
what is digman’s critique of the big 5
the big 5 factors are highly correlated
what is allen et al’s neural bases critique
current neuroimaging studies are descriptive rather than mechanistic
what is bennett et al’s neural bases critique with the SALMON
salmon shown series of photos and asked to determine the emotion in photos
detected active voxels in salmon brain activity
this shows that just because there is brain activity it doesn’t mean what it’s being associated with is true
