Reserves and Management (Class 21) Flashcards
How to minimize edge and fragmentation effects?
- Reserves that are rounded in shape to minimize edge to area ratio
- Most parks have irregular shapes because of land acquisition
- Avoid internal fragmentation (logging, fences, farming)
How can we mitigate effects of fragmentation and size limitations in protected areas?
Aggregating and linking protecting areas.
What is the Yellowstone to Yukon ecoregion?
Proposes to link the national parks and governmental lands along the rocky mountains which would be beneficial to large mammals.
What is Ecosystem Based Management? (EBM)
An approach that is designed to protect cultural and ecological values, by determining what must be left in the forest before deciding where and how much to log.
How does EBM effect the Great Bear Rainforest?
- Protection for estuaries, streams, wetlands, and lakes.
- Large portions of grizzly bear habitat will be maintained.
- First Nations cultural features will be protected
- The amount of old growth forest that can be logged will be restricted; over the entire region 50 percent of the natural level of old growth forest of each ecosystem type will have to be maintained
What is the Chicago Wilderness Project?
Organizations that have collaborated to preserve prairies and wetlands in metropolitan Chicago.
What does the Chicago Wilderness Project Include?
Museums, Zoos, preserve districts
What did the Bruny Island Environmental network do?
Brought together local groups to preserve and expand the paradalote habitat (birds)
What are Habitat Corridors?
Strips of land running between reserves
AKA conservation corridors or movement corridors
What are stepping stones?
Scattered patches of habitat that also facilitate movement.
What can help animals move between patches? (over roads)
Overpasses, culverts, tunners.
What do cougars favour?
Crossings with vegetation cover
What do grizzly bears, wolves, elks, deer prefer?
Wide overpasses
What do black bears and cougars prefer?
Narrow underpasses
What types of crossings are the most effective?
A mixture of crossing types and vegetation covers are needed.
What is the SPLAT project?
Testing underpass designs for amphibians crossing Highway 4. Biologist chose the polypropylene fabric for amphibian culvert fences
What types of corridors are the most effective?
Ones that facilitate natural migration patterns
How can corridors help animals resist climate change effects?
Corridors that facilitate long term migration to higher latitudes and elevations may allow species to shift distributions with climate change
What are some negative effects of corridors?
- May facilitate movement of pest species and disease
- Single infestations may spread to all connected nature and cause extinctions of rare species
- Animals dispersing along corridors may be exposed to greater risks of predation from human hunters and animal predators
- May be expensive
How we manage networks of reserves depends on what?
Species habitat requirements, migration, dispersal and range size.
What are the two main conservation management strategies?
Intervention vs Leave it alone
What is an example of intervention?
Burning a forest improves the habitat for man species
What is an example of leave it alone strategy?
Keeping human disturbance to a minimum, like in old growth forests (Red Woods National Park)
What is the result of loss of large herbivores in North America?
Altered the ecology of the ecosystem, resulting in loss of plat species.
