Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DAST 7 Exam 2 > Reserve & Special Use AB - 10Qs > Flashcards

Reserve & Special Use AB - 10Qs Flashcards

1
Q

Why are they called reserve AB?

A

Becuz of narrow spectrum and/or severe toxicities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the reserve agents

A 
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Glycopeptides e.g. Vancomycin, Teicoplanin
C. Linezolid (Zyvox)
D. Streptograminss e.g.  Quinopristin+Dalfopristin
E. Cyclic Lipopeptides e.g. Daptomycin
F. Cyclopeptides e.g. Bacitracin
G. Novobiocin
H. Mupirocin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the AEs of chloramphenicol?

A

A. Blood dyscrasias

B. Gray syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MOA of chloramphenicol

A

BacterioSTATIC or BacteriCIDAL depending on m.o. and dose (UNIQUE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Target of chloramphenicol

A

Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and inh protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What other drugs does chloramphenicol’s target overlap with?

A

Macrolides e.g. Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycine Lincosamides e.g. Clindamycin, clindamycin phosphate,
Lincomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is the antianabolic effect of chloramphenicol also seen in humans?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the m.o. Chloramphenicol is reserved for?

A

Gram tve

Anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does resistance dev to chloramphenicol?

A

Stepwise and involves INDUCTION OF AN ENZYME that acetylates the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s chloramphenicol used primarily for?

A

Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi)

H. Influenza meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uses of Chloramphenicol’s pro drugs
A. Hemisuccinate ester

B. palmitate ester

A

A. IV injection

B. oral suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of Vancomycin

A

BacteriSTATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s vancomycin’s target?

A

Binding to acyl D-Ala-D-Ala peptides and so inh bacterial cell wall biosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Uses of vancomycin

A

Gram tve
Anaerobes
MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Uses of PO vancomycin

A

C. Diff (colitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does resistance dev against vanco?

A

Alteration of cell wall D-ala groups precursors to a lactate precipitate

T/4 vanco can’t recognize target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the unique SE of vancomycin?

A

Red-man/ red-neck syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How’s Teiocoplanin’s (similar to vanco) delivered to the body?

A

IM

As a depot (highly protein bound), t4 dosed once daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Whats d Relationship btw Teicoplanin and histamine release?

A

Doesn’t cuz significant histamine release ff IV admin

T4, fewer SEs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is Teicoplanin used over vanco?

A

No.

Becuz of cost. It’s reserved for when vanco is ineffective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What’s linezolid’s target?

A

Binds to 23s ribosomal subunits of the 50s subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOA of Linezolid.

A

BacteriCIDAL against Streptococci sp

BacterioSTATIC against other gram tve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’s Linezolid clinically used for?

A

Inf caused by AEROBIC gram tv

24
Q

What’s the recommended use for Linezolid?

A

For VRE - Vanco resistant enterococci
Staph aureus (including MRSA)
Streptococcus sp

25
How's Linezolid metabolized?
By oxidative opening of the morpholine ring
26
Is drug-drug int cuzed by metabolism a concern for Linezolid?
No. P-450 doesn't metabolize Linezolid, so no d-d int
27
Does Linezolid affect MAO?
Yes. Linezolid is a non-selective inh of MAO
28
What's the relationship btw Macrolides and streptogramniss?
There's a remote relationship, but little or no cross sensitivity.
29
Name the targets of streptogramniss (Quinopristin + Dalfopristin).
50s subunit
30
What's the primary use of streptogramniss (Quinopristin + Dalfopristin)?
For VRE faecium, NOT VRE faecalis
31
What are the special cases that streptogramniss (Quinopristin + Dalfopristin) is used for?
Gram tve org e.g. S. aureus and Streptococci sp
32
Any significant metabolism for streptogramniss (Quinopristin + Dalfopristin)?
Potent inh of P-450 3A4 T4 d-d int is possible
33
What's the target of Daptomycin?
Bacterial membranes causing rapid depolarization
34
What's Daptomycin indicated for?
SSSI caused by a variety of gram tve org e.g. E. faecalis Staph aureus including MRSA
35
What parameter should be monitored if a pt is on Daptomycin?
CPK Elevation of CPK has been reported => muscle pain/ weakness
36
What enhances the activity of Bacitracin?
Zn ion
37
How should bacitracin be stored?
Refrigerated and should not be kept for more than 1 week
38
MOA of bacitracin
BacteriSTATIC/CIDAL depending on m.o. and conc.
39
What's the target of bacitracin?
Interferes with late stage cell wall formation and cell membrane
40
What's bacitracin occasionally used to treat?
PMC
41
Following what route of admin is bacitracin well absorbed?
IM
42
Bacitracin is widely distributed into the tissues except in
CNS
43
MOA of Polymixin B sulfate
BacteriCIDAL after binding to phospholipids of CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE.
44
SEs of bacitracin
Severe nephro- & neurotoxicity
45
What's the MOA of Novobiocin?
BacterioSTATIC by inh DNA gyrase
46
What's Novobiocin reserved for?
For resistant gram tve m.o. - Staph aureus, Proteus vulgaris
47
What's the effect of rapid hydrolysis in vivo in Mupirocin?
Used Topically only for Staph and Strept. skin inf
48
What's Mupirocin's target?
Binds to bacterial enzyme isoleucyl transfer-RNA synthase preventing the incorporation of isoleucine into bacterial proteins
49
Which AB is cidal against Strep and static against other gram tv m,o.?
Linezolid
50
Which AB causes an increase in CPK, therefore, muscle pain/weakness may be an issue?
Daptomycin
51
Which AB does Zn ion. Enhances its activity?
Bacitran
52
Which atypical / reserve AB are both bacteriSTATIC and CIDAL?
Chloramphenicol Linezolid Bacitracin
53
Which reserve AB are active against VRE?
Linezolid | Quinopristin+Dalfopristin [VRE faecium only]
54
What reserve AB are inh of P-450?
Quinopristin+Dalfopristin
55
Which atypical AB are effective against gram tve Anaerobes?
Chloramphenicol | Vancomycin
56
Which atypical AB is effective against gram tve Aerobes?
Linezolid
57
Which reserve AB attacks bacterial membrane?
Daptomycin | Bacitracin

DAST 7 Exam 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions