Aminoglycosides - 10 Qs

Question 1

What are Aminoglycosides?

Answer 1

Water soluble PSEUDOGLYCOSIDES

Question 2

What Aminoglycosides are from streptamine moiety?

Answer 2

Kanamycin
Tobramycin
Gentamycin
Neomycin

Question 3

What Aminoglycosides are from 2-Deoxystreptamine moiety?

Answer 3

Paromomycin

Question 4

Are Aminoglycosides stable?

Answer 4

Yes.

They are stable in a wide range of PH (2-11)

Question 5

What’s the MOA of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 5

BacteriCIDAL

Question 6

Which Aminoglycosides is the exception to the all bactericidal rule

Answer 6

Spectinomycin (which is bacterioSTATIC)

Question 7

Name target for Aminoglycosides

Answer 7

Ribosomal DNA in the 30S ribosomal subparticle

Question 8

Effect of Aminoglycosides used in low doses on target?

Answer 8

Cause mistranslation and nonsense protein formation => inh protein synthesis

This is unique for cidal AB, usually static are the ones that inh protein synthesis

Question 9

Why are B-lactam usually combined with Aminoglycosides?

Answer 9

To take further advantage of the damaged cell wall (buz the nonsense protein become part of the membrane and let in lots of drugs)

Question 10

When are Aminoglycosides given orally?

Answer 10

To act in the gut - local action

Otherwise, given IV/ IM

Question 11

What’s the spray tobramycin solution used for?

Answer 11

Sprayed into the lungs for d successful tx of P. aeruginosa inf in cystic fibrosis pts

Question 12

What are Aminoglycosides usually reserved for?

Answer 12

For serious inf cuzed by gram (-) org becuz of serious toxicity which is often delayed at onset

Though, they have activity against gram (+), there are better agents for these

Question 13

What m.o. are Aminoglycosides ineffective against

Answer 13

Anaerobes

Question 14

How does resistance occur primarily?

Answer 14

A. Reduced permeability to Aminoglycosides

B. deactivating enzymes (R-factor controlled) via
N-acetylation, O-phosphorylation, O-adenylation

Question 15

List AEs of Aminoglycosides.

Answer 15

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Curare-type neuromuscular blockade

Question 16

What’s Kanamycin sulfate

Answer 16

A fermentation pdt that’s a mixture of 3 comps, but Kanamycin A is predominant.

Question 17

Main use of Kanamycin sulfate

Answer 17

Part of anti-TB cocktail

Question 18

What’s kanamycin active against?

Answer 18

Mycobacterium kansasii
M. Marinum
M. intracellulare

Question 19

What m.o. are usually resistant to Aminoglycosides?

Answer 19

Anaerobes

P. Aeruginosa

Question 20

Name drugs in the Aminoglycosides class that are part of anti-TB cocktail.

Answer 20

Kanamycin sulfate

Amikacin sulfate

Question 21

What’s Amikacin sulfate?

Answer 21

Semi-synthetic pdt of Kanamycin

Question 22

What does Amikacin contain that inh enzymes?

Answer 22

Hydroxyaminobuteryl amide (HABA)

Question 23

Use of Tobramycin sulfate

Answer 23

For difficult inf including gentamicin resistant P. Aeruginosa

Question 24

Which Aminoglycosides has a diff source of origin from d others?

Answer 24

Gentamicin

Question 25

What’s Gentamicin from?

Answer 25

Micromonospora purpurea

Question 26

Why’s Gentamicin useful as a broad spectrum for difficult pathogens?

Answer 26

Some targets for enzyme inactivation are missing.

T/4 resistance may not dev so rapidly

Question 27

Are Aminoglycosides clinically stable with B-lactams?

Answer 27

No.

Admin separately I.e. not in the same vial, but they can be admin same time

Question 28

Which Aminoglycosides is never used systemically?

Answer 28

Neomycin sulfate.

Only used topically

Question 29

Which Aminoglycosides can be used to lower cholesterol?

Answer 29

Neomycin sulfate

Question 30

Main use of Parmomycin sulfate

Answer 30

Used PO for suppression of gut flora and amoebic dysentery (Entamoeba Histolytica)

Question 31

What’s unique about Spectinomycin hydrochloride?

Answer 31

Unusual tricyclic ring

Only bacterioSTATIC Aminoglycosides

Question 32

What’s the primary use of Spectinomycin hydrochloride?

Answer 32

Used as a single bolus IM injection against PPNG (Penicillase Producing N. Gonorrhoeae)

Question 33

Any significant SE for Spectinomycin?

Answer 33

No significant Ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity when used as a single bolus IM inj

Question 34

Which Aminoglycosides is given as a single IM bolus injection for the treatment for PPNG?

Answer 34

Spectinomycin