Research & Writing Flashcards
A studious inquiry or examination; especially: investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws.
Research
Purposes of Research
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- To discover new facts about a known phenomena
- To find answers to problems which are partially solved by existing methods
- To improve existing techniques
- To provide basis for decision-making
- To acquire a better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon that can be known and understood better
Free art that depicts the over-all research
Conceptual Framework
Using the work of another author without proper acknowledgment through citation and, where required, quotation marks; the appropriation or imitation of the language, ideas, and thought of another author, and representation of them as one’s original work.
Plagiarism
Kinds of Improper Citation
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Word-for-Word Borrowing
- Apt Phrase Borrowing
- Missing Citation of Material
- Paraphrase Borrowing
- Idea Borrowing without Citation
- Mosaic Borrowing
An author-date referencing system
American Psychological Association (APA) Style
Type of Research
- 2.
3.
- Historical
- Descriptive
- Experimental
Mode of Research
- 2.
- Qualitative
- Quantitative
Or both
Sampling Design
1.
2.
3
- Simple Random Sampling
- Stratified Sampling
- Systematic Sampling
Research Instruments
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
- Survey Questionnaire
- Interview
- Focus Group Discussion
- Checklist
- Document Check
- First Hand Observation
- Benchmarking
Tools of Analysis
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
- Slovin’s Formula
- Weighted Mean
- Percentage method
- Data Analysis
- SWOT Analysis
- Gap Analysis
- Statistical Test using a certain Level of Significance and Degree of Confidence
What is the acronym SWOT analysis?
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
An schematic diagram how the researcher intends to finish all research activities to answer the Specific Questions (SQs)
Research Framework
Causal Relationships of Variables
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Independent Variable
- Dependent Variable
- Mediator Variable
- Moderator Variable
Types of Variable Effects
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Indirect Effect
- Direct Effect
- Reciprocal or Feedback Effect
- Interaction Effect
What is IPOO?
Input > Process > Output > Outcome
Types of Research Hypothesis
1.
2.
- Operational Form - stated in the affirmative
2. Null Form - stated in the negative (PAFOS standard)
6 Parts of Commandant’s Paper
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- The Problem
- Research Frame
- Methodology
- Research Findings and Analysis
- Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
- Action Plan
Composition of Chapter 1: The Problem
BPOSS
Composition of Chapter 2: Research Frame
RSCRRD
Review of Related Literature and Past Studies Synthesis of the Literature Conceptual Framework Research Hypothesis Research Assumption Definition of Terms
Composition of Chapter 3: Methodology
RLUSDITR
Research Design Local of the Study Unit of the Study Sampling Design Data Collection Procedures Instruments Tools of Analysis Research Framework
Composition of Chapter 4: Research Findings and Analysis
Findings
Analysis
Composition of Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
Composition of Chapter 6: Action Plan
SWP
> Step by Step Work Plan and Explanation
Work Timeline
Program of Expenses
Other Parts of Commandant’s Paper
Preliminaries > Title Page > Disclaimer > Defense Panel Approval > Acknowledgment > Abstract > List of Figures > List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Back Sheets
> Bibliography
> Appendices
> Biographical Sketch
