Research report content Flashcards
Introduction summary
Computers and smartphones extend cognitive system which allow for a furthering of our cognitive capabilities
New technologies make it complicated for us to determine source attribution (i.e. is it our knowledge or others knowledge)
The illusion that there isn’t a difference between our knowledge and other people’s knowledge is when a person fails to recognise the existence of the medium during tech experiences
personal devices have become an essential component to our memory and knowledge
Boundaries between internal and external will continue to blur
Since info is avaiilable anytime and everywhere, people are offloading responsibility for info to tech more than ever
Accessing info through a familiar media platform provides the illusion that the source for information is less like a tool and more like a partner
People consider access to tech as part of their own cognitive abilities –> increased perceived cognitive abilities
Interpersonal transactive memories
CSE = measure of how confident you are with your intelligence(?!)
Familiarity with device predicted higher CSE
Faster search times resulted in higher cognitive evaluatiosn
If individuals understand that tech is extension of self, then threat of losing access to this might influence their confidence in cog abilities
Experiment 1 summary of methods
Replicates Ward’s 2013 experiment 2
Participants assigned to condition before completing a ten item free response trivia quiz
Google condition; use search engine to find answers
No google condition; answer questions on their own
Control condition; no instructions on how to answer question
Participants completed the cognitive self esteem scale (ward, 2013) meaasuring participants beliefs about their own cognitive abilities
Also answered qs about familiarity w device they are using to complete the experiment
Experiment 1 findings
TRYING TO TEST IF RETRIEVING INFO FROM INTERNET WILL LEAD TO HIGHER COGNITIVE EVALUATIONS COMPARED TO RETRIEVING INFO FROM MEMORY AND SEEING IF FAMILIARITY WITH SEARCH ENGINE HAS AN INFLUENCE ON THIS
CSE scores were higher in the Google condition than in both the no-google and control conditions (no difference between the latter conditions)
CSE scores depend on extent to which individuals use their device as part of daily routine such that individuals who report using device routinely also reported higher CSE, only when they are able to use internet to search for answers to trivia
features related to particular device that individual uses to retrieve info can contribute to illusions of internal knowledge
individuals w/ internet to retrieve answers had significantly higher CSE the more they used their device as part of routine
Extent to which people use their device in daily routine was significantly positively correlatedd with CSE
CSE was dependent on how familiar someone was with the search engine (i.e. associated with google)
Experiment 2 summary of methods
4 conditions; owned smartphone, laptop or control smartphone, laptop
Each participant instructed to use device assigned to them
All participants told to use device even if they know the answers
Participants indicated being extremely or moderately familiar w/ google as a search engine
Measures included response accuracy, cognitive evaluations, device familiarity, device attachment, time spent answer ing trivia qs
Experiment 2 findings
TRIED TO DETERMINE IF DEVICE FAMILIARITY OR OWNERSHIP WERE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS IN INFLUENCING COGNITIVE EVALUATIONS
Participants who used own device had a significantly higher CSE score compared to those who used control device –> they perceive their device as an extension of self, and thus higher CSE. Participants had a significantly higher CSE when using smartphones compared to laptops
Individuals who believed they were more familiar w/ basic features of device reported signifcantly higher CSE
Individuals who were more attached to their device had significantly higher CSE
Ownership and modality significantly predicted CSE (owning = higher CSE, phone = higher CSE)
