Research Questions & Hypotheses Flashcards
What is an experiment?
studies the effects of a manipulated variable on a 2nd variable, while controlling for all other sources of influence on the 2nd variable.
What is pre-testing?
Pre-test happens before you manipulate the IV
What is post-testing?
happens after you manipulate the IV. Also to - To compare variation in DV before and after treatment
What are the characteristics of research questions?
-Clearly stated in the form of a question-Include 2 or more variables-Testable
what is the difference between a treatment group and a control group?
Experimental group receives “treatment” and is compared to control group (no treatment)
When should a researcher use an experimental design?
- With hypothesis testing
- If research goal is explanation
- About cause relationship between variables
What is a descriptive research question?
Describes what are the characteristics of the data.
Pre-test, Post-test, Control Group?
First Group: Pretested, exposed to the experimental variable, and post tested
Second Group: Pretested, NOT exposed to experimental variable, and post tested
What is the Soloman Four group?
- First group: pre tested, exposed, and post tested
- Second Group: Exposed and post tested
- Third Group: Pre tested and post tested
- Fourth Group: Post tested
What is a one-tailed hypothesis?
Directional and Specific.
What is a two-tailed hypothesis?
Non directional and Nonspecific.
What is the Post test only group group?
First Group: exposed to the experimental variable and then post tested
Second Group: not exposed to the experimental variable and then post tested
When should types of Classic Experiments be used?
Use when one independent variable is used in experiment
When to use Factorial Design?
When more than one independent variable is being used in the experiment
What is a negative relationship between variables?
One variable goes up and the other variables go down.
What is a curvilinear relationship between variables?
One variable goes up and the other goes up but only to a certain point.
What is a “non-recursive causal” relationship between variables?
two way causation between variables (Reciprocal)
What are the characteristics of hypotheses?
-Clearly stated in the form of a declaration-Include 2 or more variables-Testable-Consistent with previous research
What is a main effect?
The effect of one independent variable on a dependent variable.
What is a relational research question?
Asks about the relationship between two variables.
What is an interaction effect?
The effect of a combination on independent variables on a dependent variable.
What is a positive relationship between variables?
One variable goes up and the other variable goes with it.
What is a “recursive causal” relationship between variables?
One variable causes a change in the other but not vice versa.
What is a “noncausal” relationship between variables?
Unclear which causes which.
What is a null hypothesis?
A hypothesis that is presumed to be not true. The researcher tries to reject it.
What is a research hypothesis?
What we are testing.
