Research Questions & Hypotheses

Question 1

What is an experiment?

Answer 1

studies the effects of a manipulated variable on a 2nd variable, while controlling for all other sources of influence on the 2nd variable.

Question 2

What is pre-testing?

Answer 2

Pre-test happens before you manipulate the IV

Question 3

What is post-testing?

Answer 3

happens after you manipulate the IV. Also to - To compare variation in DV before and after treatment

Question 3

What are the characteristics of research questions?

Answer 3

-Clearly stated in the form of a question-Include 2 or more variables-Testable

Question 4

what is the difference between a treatment group and a control group?

Answer 4

Experimental group receives “treatment” and is compared to control group (no treatment)

Question 5

When should a researcher use an experimental design?

Answer 5

• With hypothesis testing
• If research goal is explanation
• About cause relationship between variables

Question 5

What is a descriptive research question?

Answer 5

Describes what are the characteristics of the data.

Question 6

Pre-test, Post-test, Control Group?

Answer 6

First Group: Pretested, exposed to the experimental variable, and post tested

Second Group: Pretested, NOT exposed to experimental variable, and post tested

Question 7

What is the Soloman Four group?

Answer 7

• First group: pre tested, exposed, and post tested
• Second Group: Exposed and post tested
• Third Group: Pre tested and post tested
• Fourth Group: Post tested

Question 7

What is a one-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 7

Directional and Specific.

Question 8

What is a two-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 8

Non directional and Nonspecific.

Question 9

What is the Post test only group group?

Answer 9

First Group: exposed to the experimental variable and then post tested
Second Group: not exposed to the experimental variable and then post tested

Question 11

When should types of Classic Experiments be used?

Answer 11

Use when one independent variable is used in experiment

Question 13

When to use Factorial Design?

Answer 13

When more than one independent variable is being used in the experiment

Question 13

What is a negative relationship between variables?

Answer 13

One variable goes up and the other variables go down.

Question 14

What is a curvilinear relationship between variables?

Answer 14

One variable goes up and the other goes up but only to a certain point.

Question 16

What is a “non-recursive causal” relationship between variables?

Answer 16

two way causation between variables (Reciprocal)

Question 17

What are the characteristics of hypotheses?

Answer 17

-Clearly stated in the form of a declaration-Include 2 or more variables-Testable-Consistent with previous research

Question 17

What is a main effect?

Answer 17

The effect of one independent variable on a dependent variable.

Question 19

What is a relational research question?

Answer 19

Asks about the relationship between two variables.

Question 20

What is an interaction effect?

Answer 20

The effect of a combination on independent variables on a dependent variable.

Question 22

What is a positive relationship between variables?

Answer 22

One variable goes up and the other variable goes with it.

Question 23

What is a “recursive causal” relationship between variables?

Answer 23

One variable causes a change in the other but not vice versa.

Question 24

What is a “noncausal” relationship between variables?

Answer 24

Unclear which causes which.

Question 25

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 25

A hypothesis that is presumed to be not true. The researcher tries to reject it.

Question 26

What is a research hypothesis?

Answer 26

What we are testing.