Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psychology (year 1 and 2) > research methods (y2) > Flashcards

research methods (y2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is a correlation?

A

investigate an association between 2 variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a correlation coefficient?

A

A number between -1 and +1 that represents the direction and strength of a relationship between co variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a strong correlation and weak?

A

strong is closer to -1 or +1 and weak is closer to 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a case study?

A

Involve analysis of unusual individuals, events, groups and institution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a content analysis?

A

A research technique that enables the indirect study of behaviour by examining communications that people produce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the initial stage of content analysis and what does it consist of?

A

Coding - data is analysed and categorised into meaningful units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is thematic analysis?

A

A theme is identified which is a idea, explicit or implicit thing that is recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is thematic analysis more quantitative or qualitative?

A

qualitative as they are more descriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a03 - case studies?

A

STRENGTH
- rich detail insight that shed light on atypical forms of behaviour
- eg HM as it demonstrated memory processing

LIMITATIONS
- generalizations is hard when using a small sample size
- based on subjective selection and interpretation
- personal accounts from ppts and their family/friends may have inaccuracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A03 - content analysis

A

STRENGTHS
- circumnavigate all of the ethical issues normally associated with psychological research
- things such as adverts, fims already exists in the personal domain
- high in external validity

LIMITATIONS
- people tend to be studied indirectly as part of content analysis so communications that occurred are analyze outside of context within it occurred
- researcher may attribute opinions that were not there originally
- lack of objectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is reliability?

A

how consistent a measurement is and the results that come from it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two ways of assessing reliability?

A

Test-Retest
Inter observer reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is test retest

A
  1. Administer same test to the same person on different occasions
  2. If it is reliable then results should be similar each time they are administered
  3. Must be sufficient time between test-retest so they cannot recall answers
  4. Two sets of scores would be correlated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is inter-observer reliability?

A

The extent to which there is agreement between 2 or more observers involved in observations of a business, measured by correlating the observations of 2 or more observers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you establish inter observer reliability ?

A
  • involve a small scale trial run
  • check that observers are applying behavioural categories in the same way
  • data should be correlated to assess its reliability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you measure reliability?

A

Correlation Coefficient which should exceed +80 for reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do you improve reliability in questionnaires?

A
  • test retest
  • comparing two sets of data produces a correlation exceeding +80
  • if the correlation is lower the items may be deselected
  • replace open questions with fixed questions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how do you improve reliability in interviews?

A
  • same interviewer
  • interviews must be properly trained
  • use structured interviews
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do you improve reliability in observations?

A
  • behavioural categories have been properly operationalised to reduce subjectivity and overlapping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do you improve reliability in experiments?

A

standardised procedures

21
Q

what is validity?

A

the extent to which an observed effect is genuine and if the researcher has managed to measure what they were looking to measure

22
Q

what is the two types of validity and differences?

A

internal - whether the effects observed in an experiment are due to IV manipulation or some other factor

external - whether factors can be generalised to outside and if any factors can influence findings

23
Q

what is a threat to internal validity?

A

demand characteristics

24
Q

what is ecological validity?

A

generalising the findings from a study to other settings

25
Q

what is temporal validity?

A

findings or concepts from a particular study hold true over time

26
Q

what are the ways of assessing validity?

A

face validity - measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears what it is supposed to measure

concurrent validity - the results obtained matched another well established regular test result at a +80 coefficent

27
Q

how do you improve validity in an experiment?

A
  • control group to see whether changes in the DV were due to IV
  • standardise procedures to reduce bias and effects
  • single and double blind
28
Q

how do you improve validity in a questionnaire?

A
  • incorporate a lie scale in order to assess consistency of a respondents response and control social desirability
29
Q

how do you improve validity in an observation?

A
  • covert
  • in depth behavioural categories that do not overlap
30
Q

how do you improve validity in qualitative research?

A
  • depth and detail better reflects reality
  • ensure interpretation matches reality
31
Q

what is triangulation?

A

the use of a number of different sources as evidence

32
Q

what is a paradigm? - feautures of science

A

a paradigm is a set of shared assumptions and agreed methods within a scientific discipline

33
Q

what is a paradigm shift ?- feautures of science

A

the results of a scientific revolution when there is a significant change in the dominant unifying theory within a scientific discipline

34
Q

what is a theory? - feautures of science

A

a theory is a set of general laws or principles that have the ability to explain particular events or behaviours

35
Q

what is theory constuction? - feautures of science

A

Occurs through gathering evidence via direct observation

36
Q

what is hypothesis testing? - feautures of science

A

Testing a hypothesis using systematic and objective methods to determine whether it will be supported or refuted

37
Q

what is deduction? - feautures of science

A

deriving new hypotheses from an existing theory

38
Q

what is falsifiability? - feautures of science

A

genuine scientific theories should hold themselves up for hypothesis testing and being proved false

39
Q

what are pseudosciences? - feautures of science

A

theories that cannot be falsified

40
Q

what is replicability? - features of science

A

assess validity of a finding by repeating over a number of different contexts and circumstances then we can see the extent to which it can be generalised

41
Q

what is objectivity?- features of science

A

this is where researchers must keep a distance from research to ensure they do not allow their personal opinions or biases discolour data or influence behaviour of ppts

42
Q

what is the empirical method? - features of science

A

importance of data collected from direct, sensory, experiences

43
Q

what is the abstract and what does it include ? - reporting psychological investigations

A

short summary of 150-200 words that includes aims, hypothesis, methods, results and conclusions

44
Q

what is the introduction and what does it include ? - reporting psychological investigations

A

literature review of general area of research detailing theories, concepts and studies related to current study

follow a logical progression becoming more specific until aims and hypotheses presented

45
Q

what is the method and what does it include ? - reporting psychological investigations

A

design - independent/naturalistic and justification
sample - how many ppts/ demographic/ method/ target pop
apparatus - assessments used
procedure - briefing, standardised instructions, debriefing
ethics- how they were addressed

46
Q

what is the results section and what does it include ? - reporting psychological investigations

A

summarise key findings

descriptive stats
inferential stats
raw data
qualitative methods

47
Q

what is the discussion and what does it include ? - reporting psychological investigations

A

summarise results verbally
discuss limitations and how to improve
wider implications

48
Q

how does referencing work for a journal ?

A

author (s) , date , title , journal name (italics) , volume issue, page number

49
Q

how does referencing work for a book?

A

author (s) , date, title, place of publication, publisher

psychology (year 1 and 2) (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions