Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

sociology paper 2 > research methods (section A) > Flashcards

research methods (section A) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

structure of a 4 marker

A
  • A02
  • 1 clear paragraph
  • must use the source
  • must draw 2 findings /patterns conclusions from the source
  • back up both of these with evidence from the source
  • 5-7 minutes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

patterns

positivism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

trends

positivism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

objectivity

positivitism

A
  • a researcher must not allow their, their bias to interfere and impact their research
  • positivists support this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

value freedom

positivism

A
  • ability or researchers to keep their own personal biases and opinions out of the research they are conducting.
  • positivists support this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

quantitative data

positivism

A
  • produces a numerical data that can be easily displayed in a table/graph
  • can reveal patterns/trends but not the reasons behind them
  • more objective
  • avoids bias
  • quicker to analyse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

meanings and experiences

interpretivism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

verstehen and empathy

interpretivism

A
  • ‘to understand in a deep way’- researcher aims to understand another persons experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

rapport

interpretivism

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

subjectivity

interpretivism

A

the claim that perception emerges from a subjects point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

researcher imposition

interpretivism

A
  • researcher makes a decision which may alter the research.
  • imposing their own views and framework on those being interviewed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reflexivity

interpretivism

A

examination of ones own beliefs, judgements and practices during the researchers process and how they influence the research.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

qualitative data

interpretivism

A
  • this produces textual information
  • includes great detail and can explore motivations and emotions
  • provides a deeper understanding of group being studied
  • build a repare with respondants so more likely to be given more truthful answers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

validity

key research concepept

A

research giving a true and accurate picture of what is being studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reliability

key research concept

A

the extent to which if the method was repeated, would it still produce the same or similar results.
results should be easy to replicate with different groups of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

representativeness

keyy research concepts

A

the extent to which the sample selected is a fair reflection of target population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

generalisability

key research concept

A

the ability to make claims about the wider target population from research finding.

it is generealisable of all people who hold the characteristic of the group being researched.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

questionaires

research method

A
  • list of questions subject to self-completion.
  • can be open or closed
  • quantitative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structured interview

research method

A
  • the researcher reads a list of closed questions and ticks boxes of pre coded responses
  • qualitative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

statistical data (official & non-official)

research method

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

content analysis

research method

A

counting number of times a sign, symbol, word, picture ect.. is used within a media text

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

unstructured interview

research method

A
  • researcher may have some themes to cover but no predeterminedquestions or rigid themes
  • interviews take a conversational flow
  • qualitative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

semi structured interview

research method

A
  • the researcher has some set/pre coded questions however they are able to probe respondants and ask extra questions if needed
  • both qualitative and quantitative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ethnography

research method

A
  • involves the researcher immersing themselves into the natural setting of the social group being studied, and participating in and observing their daily activities
  • qualitative data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

triangulation

methods of improving research

A
  • use of more than one method to cross check validity of data collected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

methodological pluralism

mixed method

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

factors influencing the choice of research topic

key concepts in research process

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

aims/hypothesis/research question

key concepts in research process

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

primary data

key concepts in research process

A
  • data that the sociologist has collected themself
  • unique to what the research is on
  • reliable and trustworthy
  • up to date
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

secondary data

key concepts in research process

A
  • data that has already been collected and available to sociologists
  • easy to access
  • could be bias/ out of data
31
Q

operationalisation

key concepts in research process

A
32
Q

pilot studies

key concepts in research process

A
33
Q

data collection

key concepts in research process

A
34
Q

respondant validation

key concepts in research process

A
35
Q

logitudional studies

researcher methods

A
  • research designed to collect data on a sample (people or documents)
  • aim to generate trends and patterns
  • (quantitative OR qualitative)
36
Q

interpretation of data

key concepts in research process

A
37
Q

the relationship between sociology and social policy

key concepts in research process

A
38
Q

random

sampling process

A

every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample

39
Q

systematic

sampling process

A

every ‘nth’ mamber of the target population is selected for the sample

40
Q

stratified

sampling process

A

different subgroups in the target population are identified; then are randomly selected from these subgroups in the proportion to their numbers in the target population.

41
Q

snowball

sampling process

A

one contact will recruit other participants to get involved in the research. method often used by sociologists for hard to reach groups

42
Q

volenteer

sampling process

A
  • when a sample is gathered via participants puttin themself forward to be studied
  • participants found via advertisement e.g. shp windeows
43
Q

opportunity

sampling process

A

choosing individuals or cases that fit the nature of the research

44
Q

purposive

sampling process

A

where participants are gained by making the most of situations or opportunities in which the the research population is likely to be found.

45
Q

ethics

A

practices that are morally right & wrong when conducting research such as confidentiality, anonymity ect…

46
Q

gatekeeper

A

a point of contact who can put you in contact with the participants you wish to research.

47
Q

research/target population

A

the group that the sociologist has decided to study

48
Q

random sample

A

where all people in the target population have an equal chance of being picked- chosen intirely by chance

49
Q

non-random sample

A

where people in target population do not have an equal chance of being picked

50
Q

a sample frame

A

a list of people/respondants who share the characteristics required to be part of the target population- ensures that the sample selected is of the untmost relevance

51
Q

quota

sampling methods

A

the researcher has a clear idea of the sample they want, they will pick participants that match the criteria

52
Q

positivism

A
  • study of society as more important than the study of individuals.
  • see human and social behaviour is product of social forces- people have little to no influence over.
  • believe that sociological research should be scientific (objective & reliable)
  • focus on collecting quantitative data
53
Q

interpretivism

A
  • approach that is anti-positivist and points out that humans have free will
  • produce qualitative data
  • sees society as product of people choosing to come together in social groups- e.g. family, religion, peer group ect…
  • collected in ethnographs or natural settings- high in validity
54
Q

hawthorne effect

participant issues

A

participants will behave differently if they know they are being observed

55
Q

focus groups

researcher method

A
  • an unstructured interview directed to a group of respondents who are encouraged to discuss with eachother
  • interviewer will set up themes and questions to manage response from participants.
56
Q

impact of the hawthorne effect on participants

participant issues

A
  • results will be lower in validity (what im observing isnt true behaviour)
  • cant generalise to rest of target population.
57
Q

demand characteristics

participant issues

A

participants change their behaviour based on their interpretation of the aims of the study (possibly to please the researcher)

58
Q

impact of demand characteristics on research

participant issue

A
  • impact on reliability of research (if research is repeated- want to get similar results)
  • reduce reliability- not a true insight into truth (might fear judgement)
59
Q

social desirability bias

participant issue

A

occurs when parts of the study relate to social norms or expectations- participants want to present themself in a socially acceptable way

60
Q

impact of social desirability bias on research

participant issue

A
  • impact on reliability of research (if research is repeated- want to get similar results)
  • reduce reliability- not a true insight into truth (might fear judgement)
61
Q

going native

researcher issue

A

when researcher begins to participate like any other group member. (most likely to happen in an ethnography)

62
Q

what is the impact of going native on research

A
  • bias to participant
  • weaken the validity
63
Q

researcher bias

researcher issues

A

when the researchers beliefs or expectations influence the research design or data collection process.

64
Q

confirmation bias

researcher issues

A

tendency to search for/interpret information in a way that confirms ones prior beliefs

65
Q

interpretation bias

researcher issues

A

an information processing bias where a research may interpret the data in a way that the participant did not intend

66
Q

rapport

researcher issues

A

ease of the relationship between people- in this case a researcher and their subjects.

67
Q

name the core ethical guidelines to use in essays

A
  • confidentiality
  • privacy
  • anonymity
  • right to withdraw
  • avoiding harm to participants
  • protecting vunerable groups
  • informed consent
  • ensuring legality
  • safeguarding
68
Q

overt non-participant observations

researcher methods

A
  • the participants know the are being studied but researcher is NOT involved with group
  • qualitative data
69
Q

covert non-participant observations

researcher methods

A
  • researcher is NOT fully participating with group
  • participants unaware they are being studied
  • qualitative data
70
Q

overt participant observation

researcher methods

A
  • participants know they are being studied and researcher is FULLY involved with the group being researched
71
Q

covert participant observations

researcher methods

A

researcher is participating with the group and the participants are unaware they are being study

72
Q

official statistics

researcher methods

A
  • quantitative data collected by the government
  • gathered by research methods such as questionairs e.g. the census.
  • quantitative data
73
Q

non-official statistics

researcher methods

A
  • quantitative data collected by a non-government source
  • gathered through other research methods e.g. questionaires
74
Q

secondary data

researcher methods

A
  • this is data that has been carried outby someone else/can be an institution
  • can be quantitiative OR qualitative

sociology paper 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions