Research Methods Non-Experimental Flashcards
How many different types of observation are there?
8
What types of observation involve the environment 🍃
Naturalistic - less control more ecological validity
Controlled- pps know studied in a lab.
What 2 observation types involve level of awareness 👀
Overt- pp aware of observation,
ethically good but demand characteristics
Covert- po not aware of observation
What types of observation involve where observer is 🌳
Participant- observer joins oblivious group
Subjectivity increases, high external validity
Non-Participant- watch from a distance
What types of observation involve what you record 📈
Structured- know what to look for
Unstructured- record all behaviour with no system
Very holistic, takes a long time to
What are operationalised behavioural categories?
A specific behaviour to be viewed recorded in a tally
What is a sampling method?
How the data is collected
What is event sampling?
Record every time a SPECIFIC behaviour occurs
Oversimplifies behaviour
What is time 🕰️ sampling?
Record every behaviour in a certain time window
May miss behaviour not in time window
What’s the advantage of a questionnaire?
Easy to replicate
Distribute to a lot of people
What are the disadvantages of questionnaires?
Social desirability bias
Anonymity means difficult to tell the truth from lies
What are open questions?
Qualitative can give your own answer in words
Not restrictive but difficult to analyse
What are closed questions?
Quantitative yes or no questions
Easy to analyse but restrictive
How to write good questionnaires?
No jargon (complicating term)
No leading questions
Appropriate language
