Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology Aqa > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Who’s the father of psychology (who you owe this very card to)?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How was father Wundt different from others

A

He believed in a scientific not philosophical view of the mind

He wanted to predict behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What technique did father Wundt invent?

A

Introspection- reflecting own thoughts and behaviour

  1. Presented with stimulus
  2. Inspect your thoughts
  3. Draw conclusions for predicting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How was Wundt scientific?

A

Controlled lab environment

Standardised procedures

He started psychology as a bloomin science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Real world application for introspection

A

Recovering gambling addicts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is introspection SUBJECTIVE

A

Private thoughts = LIARS

Can’t have identical rules considering UNIQUENESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who founded the psychodynamic approach

A

Sigmund Freud !!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The mind is made of three levels?

A

Conscious mind
Preconscious mind
Unconscious mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The personality is a TRIPARTITE involving…

A

The Id = pleasure seeker
The Ego = reality achiever
The Superego = moral lover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The psychosexual stages = basically the game of life. What are the rules?

A

Libido = sexual energy…if you spend too much at a stage a FIXATION occurs

Fixations = manifest trouble when grown up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the stages and the ages you are at them?

A

Old - Oral Stage (0-1yrs)
Age - Anal Stage (1-3yrs)
People - Phallic Stage (3-6yrs)
Love - Latent Stage (6-12yrs)
Girls - Genital Stage (12+yrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What crazy theory did Freud propose (he needed help)

A

Oedipus complex - boys identify with dad as they are scared of dad because they wanna sleep with mum but dad sleeps with mum

Elektra Complex - girls identify with mum because they want a dick and are sad they don’t have one and mum is equally as sad so may as well be sad together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three defence mechanisms (finally something useful)

A

Repression - moving a thought/emotion into the unconscious (temporarily)

Denial - deny something happened (constant)

Displacement- move the emotional direction at another thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does psychodynamic theories REALLY work on girls?

A

Not really, most of them are ANDROCENTRIC have a gender bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is Freud unscientific?

A

Falsifiable - cannot prove unconscious exists

Objective - same as Wundt

Empirical- based on anecdotal case studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the one good thing Freud gave us?

A

Psychoanalysis therapy very commonly used for conditions like phobias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which two people do we have to thank for Behaviourism?

A

Classical conditioning= Pavlov
Operant conditioning= Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Learning by ASSOCIATION

Unconditioned response into a conditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Think to Pavlov’s doggos

A

Food =UCS + Salivation =UCR
Bell=NS + NR
Food =UCS + Bell =NS
A WHILE LATER
Bell =CS + Salivation =CR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How to make classical conditioning perfect

A

Timing - pair the UCS + NS simultaneously

Extinction- CR forgotten if NS is forgotten

Generalisation- similar objects to NS can cause CR

Spontaneous Recovery - if forgotten CR created quicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

A form of learning via reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Whos the man who loved rats a bit too much?

A

Skinner!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a Skinner box?

A

Place rat in torture (Skinner) box where :

Floor is electrified every time a wrong answer is given
Treat is given when a correct answer is given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is positive and negative reinforcement?

A

Positive reinforcement- reward when certain behaviour is done

Negative reinforcement- avoiding unpleasant repercussions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Real life applications (even if we are not rats)
Token economy used in psychiatric hospitals and prisons
26
What is positive and negative punishment?
Positive punishment- adding undesirable stimulus after unwanted behaviour e.g. violence Negative punishment- the removal of a pleasant stimulus e.g. food
27
What is social learning theory?
Learning directly AND indirectly (vicariously)
28
What are the 4 mediational processes?
Attention Retention Motor reproduction Motivation Mental factors determining what you learn
29
What test did *definitely fair* Bandura do?
Bobo dolls 72 3-5yrs watched an adult either attack the doll, play with the doll or nothing with the doll
30
What was the independent, dependent and control variable of the Bobo dolls
DEPENDENT Aggression measured before and after test INDEPENDENT method of doll use CONTROL same room, all 3-5yrs
31
What is identification
When you associate yourself with a role model and wanna be like them Usually same sex
32
Who is the number one hippie humanist we all love?
Maslow!!! 🌺
33
What are Maslow’s rules to be happy even if humanists don’t believe in rules?
Self actualisation Self esteem Love and belonging Safety Physiological IN THAT ORDER
34
What is self actualisation
The want to be the best possible version of you 🤗
35
How does the Self come into this?
Self worth = how you feel about yourself Self Image = how you see yourself Ideal Self = who you wanna be
36
Why do we need to be congruent to be happy?
Congruence is if your self image and ideal self are similar MORE likely to self actualise
37
What is unconditional positive regard and conditions of worth?
Unconditional positive regard is love ❤️ without conditions Conditions of worth is rules placed to earn love
38
Why do we like humanists?
Optimistic sunshine and rainbows Free will makes you feel nice
39
Why don’t we like humanists?
Hypocrites- rules even when they hate rules Only works in a individualistic culture
40
What is the cognitive approach all about?
THINKING 🤔
41
How are the cognitive approach *literally* different from other approaches?
While most go from stimulus to response cognitive psychology believes in INTERNAL MENTAL PROCESSES
42
What are internal mental process Give examples
A thought process in your head Eg Language and Problem Solving
43
This was the 1970s what did cognitive psychologists use to back up theories?
INFERENCE: drawing a conclusion from evidence and reasoning
44
How did cognitives explain their theories?
Using theoretical and computer models (you can draw them in exams!)
45
How are computer models *slightly* different?
They use computer terms like storage for memory and CPU for brain.
46
Why are models good and bad?
Adv: very helpful in developing AI Disasv: machine reductionism oversimplifying
47
What is a schema?
A schema is a mental framework of beliefs and expectations. Like a spiderweb 🕸️
48
How are schemas helpful and unhelpful?
Helpful to make sense of the world using shortcuts Unhelpful as provides bias (racism) and generalisation
49
How was cognitive neuroscience born from biological and cognitive?
The scientific study of the influence of brain structure on mental processes
50
What do they use to probe your brain?
MRI = magnetic resonance imaging PET = positron emission tomography
51
Why is cognitive approach good?
VERY SCIENTIFIC Real world application - improving eye witness testimony
52
Why is cognitive approach bad?
Ignores emotional and social factors of behaviour Says how we think but not why Low ecological validity
53
What is the most scientific approach?
Biological!!
54
What is the biological bible?
The influence of : **Genes** **Biological Structures** **Neurochemistry**
55
Give an example of a neurochemical?
Melatonin = pineal gland and regulates sleep 💤
56
Why are biological psychologists weirdly interested with IDENTICAL TWINS?
Twin studies are useful studying genetics as they have the same genetic makeup
57
What is a concordance rating?
Degree of similarity between individuals on a characteristic
58
What is the genotype and phenotype?
Genotype = entire genetic makeup Phenotype = genotype plus environmental factors
59
How is the biological approach good?
VERY SCIENTIFIC using machines Drug therapy like antidepressants help symptoms
60
How is the biological approach bad?
Biological / hard determinism No free will so cannot blame behaviours

Psychology Aqa (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions