Research Methods Midterm Ch. 4

Question 1

Blank

Answer 1

Blank

Question 2

Measurement

Answer 2

The assignment of numbers to objects or events according to specific rules (Stevens, 1951).

Question 3

Conceptual Variables

Answer 3

What we are trying to measures.

Measuring job satisfaction rather than monthly sales.

Question 4

Measured Variables

Answer 4

Numbers that represent (categories, levels or magnitudes) of conceptual variables.
Measuring in monthly sales rather than job satisfaction.

Question 5

Operational Definition

Answer 5

An operational definitions should be a precise statement of how a conceptual variable is turned into a measured variable.
Less danger that data will be misunderstood by others
Enables future researchers to replicate the research

Question 6

What are scales of measurement?

Answer 6

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio. The last three are quantitative.

Question 7

Nominal Measurement

Answer 7

Separated by categories (Male, Female)

Question 8

Ordinal Measurement

Answer 8

Using a rank order, such as “How likely do you agree?”

Question 9

Interval Measurement

Answer 9

An example is temperature. Represents amount of variables belonging to observations.

Question 10

Ratio Measurement

Answer 10

Non-arbitrary zero. One person can be twice as tall as another.

Question 11

Types of Self-Report Measures

Answer 11

Free-Format, Fixed Format, Likert-Type with “Neutral”.

Question 12

Free Format Self Report

Answer 12

Free-format self-report measures
Open ended questions
Projective measures (i.e., Rorschach test)
Associative lists
What comes to mind when I say “Freud”?
Think-aloud protocol
Think out loud while you play a chess game.

Question 13

Fixed-Format Self-Report

Answer 13

Individuals are asked to select an answer from an item that is structured by the researcher.
Sex:  \_\_\_Male \_\_\_Female.
Likert type are in this ("Please rate yourself"), but there is also a liker with neutral, so it has neither agree nor disagree in the middle.
Guttman Scale (If answered yes, you should be answering yes again.

Question 14

What are limitations of self-report scales?

Answer 14

Acquiescent responding
Ambiguity of meaning 
Extreme answerers
Appropriate scaling?
Reactivity
Social desirability
Self-promotion
What about lie-scales?

Question 15

What are some behavioral measures?

Answer 15

Frequency, Duration, Intensity, Latency, Speed.

Question 16

What are the five ways of doing qualitative analysis?

Answer 16

Phenomenological Psychology, Grounded Theory, Discourse Analysis, Narrative Research, and Intuitive Inquiry

Question 17

What is qualitative analysis?

Answer 17

Looking at “What” the thing is.